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2.3.1 Contextual Factors
A number of factors contextualize the outlook for China’s social and economic development in the next 5 years. They include:
• the impact of weak domestic demand as an inhibiting factor on economic growth, with implications for employment. Since 1997, for example, the number of new jobs created by TVEs has fallen by 5 million;
• income growth in rural and some urban areas has been slow and the gap in development between these areas and between different regions of the country is growing. In addition, the income gap among the urban population is increasing;
• reform of economic and sectoral policies needs to be deepened but presents considerable political challenges. The reform of SOEs remains difficult, the social security system is under stress and the administrative framework of government is struggling to adapt to the requirements of a market economy;
• the difficulty of integrating economic, environmental and population policy goals. The ageing of China’s population poses challenges on the economic (e.g. smaller tax base) and social welfare (e.g. healthcare, housing) fronts. Rapid economic growth has generated increased pollution and investment in environmental protection falls short of needs;
•On the other hand, a number of favorable factors should support implementation of the 10th five-year plan. They include:
• the large population provides a strong labor force and a great potential market for goods and services;
• the industrial modernization process underway provides an opportunity to restructure the industry sector to improve both its economic and environmental performance;
• new information technology and the process of economic globalization can help improve the efficiency of resource allocation.
2.3.2 Targets, Strategies, Social and Economic Development of the 10th Five-year Plan Period
China has established preliminary targets of social and economic development during the 10th five-year plan period. Major targets include:
• strengthening the country’s economic power. The annual GDP growth rate is expected to be about 7% and the goal is to have China ranked in the top 5 economies in the world by 2005;
• accelerating the development of the central and western regions. In these regions, goals include a 35% level of urbanization, an increase by 30% in productivity and growth in the share of hi-tech industry in GDP;
• improving further the quality of life for the population. It is expected that the annual growth rate of per capita disposable income of the urban and rural population will be about 5%;
• intensifying efforts to limit the total population at about 1.33 billion. Employment opportunities will need to be expanded so that 35 million more people can be employed;

• improving urban and rural environmental quality and slowing the rate of destruction of natural habitats. Forest coverage should reach 18.2%.
 The government will implement five strategies to achieve these targets. They will focus on enlarging domestic demand, promoting vigorously the western China development strategy, encouraging further urbanization, revitalizing China through science and education and strengthening the commitment to sustainable development. To support these strategies, in addition to the 10th five-year本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。