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摘要：凭借其公共财政体制的建立和完善，中国应该列出环保投资作为国家和地方政府的预算表中的经常项目。With the establishment and refinement of its public finance system, China should list environmental investment as a regular item in the budget table of national and sub-national governments.

r /> • co-coordinating environmental and trade policies to reduce the risk from trade in genetically modified organisms.

4. Policies to Actively Support Environmental Investment

4、政策积极支持环保投资

With the establishment and refinement of its public finance system, China should list environmental investment as a regular item in the budget table of national and sub-national governments. The allocation should ideally increase each year. Money for financing environmental investments should be raised through instruments such as earmarked funds, the issuing of bonds, imposing resource and environmental taxes and reforming the method of expenditure from the pollution levy.
A national environmental fund should be established. This would support environmental research, the promotion of technical innovation in enterprises, integrated water resource management in river basins, environmental projects in western China, the implementation of commitments under multilateral environmental agreements and environmental capacity building.
4.1 Improved Resource Pricing and Greater Use of Environmental Taxes
Specifically, this includes:
• “getting the price right” for products and services that pollute or damage the environment to internalize the cost of externalities;
• imposing charges on urban wastewater treatment, urban waste management and hazardous waste disposal to enable the construction and operation of new urban environmental infrastructure;
• within the framework of reform of the power sector, include the cost of desulphurization facilities in power plants as part of the price of power. In addition, mobilize enterprises’ interest in air pollution control and urge coal-burning power plants to install desulphurization equipment and maintain it;
• establishing favorable investment and taxation policies and import/export regulations for environmental technologies to attract domestic and foreign investors.
4.2 Encouraging Further Inflow of Foreign Funds
This includes:
• taking out long-term, low interest loans from international financial institutions and foreign governments to help finance environmental investments; and
• establishing favorable policies to encourage foreign investors to develop environmental infrastructure and the local environmental good and services industry.
Finally, when making environmental investments or using long-term loans or grants from abroad the Chinese government should give priority to promoting development in western China.

Notes

笔记

1. US$1 = 6.8243Yuan, <> accessed 30 April 2009.
2. <>
3.The “three rivers and three lakes” are priority watersheds for environmental protection identified in the 9th five-year plan. They refer to the Huaihe River, Haihe River and Liaohe River and Taihu Lake, Dianchi Lake and Chaohu Lake. Beijing is also one of the priority regions identified in the 9th five-year plan.
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