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The second World Climate Conference was organized by UNEP and WMO at Geneva, Swiss in 1990. As a result of the conference, a decision was adopted to build a new convention to cooperate global warming on the basis of IPCC report. Thus, the general assembly of UN decided to establish Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change (INC) in 1990 (Bodansky, 1995). Then, through five successive conferences, 154 states signed to create the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the 1992 UN Conference on Environmental and Development in Rio de Janeiro. The convention entered into force on March 21 1994.

1990年，第二次世界气候大会由联合国环境规划署和世界气象组织在瑞士日内瓦举行。作为会议的结果，决定在IPCC报告的基础上，通过建立一个新的公约来合作应对全球变暖。因此，1990年联合国大会决定为气候变化公约（INC）建立政府间谈判委员会框架（Bodansky，1995）。然后，通过连续五次会议，1992年里约热内卢联合国环境与发展会议上，154个国家签署了建立联合国框架气候变化公约（UNFCCC）。该公约生效的1994年3月21日。

The third Conference of the Parties (COP) held at Kyoto, Japan in 1997 is renowned for setting binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol adopted was the effectiveness for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions because it describes firstly the detailed targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community. To secure the implementation of the protocol, the Marrakesh Accords was adopted in 2001. The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on February 16 2005.

1997年在日本京都举行了第三次缔约方大会（COP），会议确定了设定有约束力的减少温室气体排放目标。京都议定书的主要特点是保证了减少温室气体排放的有效性，因为它首先确定了37个工业化国家及欧洲共同体的具体目标。为了保证协议的执行情况，2001年签订了马拉喀什协定。京都议定书通过生效2005年2月16日。

Control of GHG emission issue from ships

控制船舶业的温室气体排放问题

The first discussion on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission at the IMO was originated from the proposal of including GHG emission in the MARPOL Annex VI, which had not consented by member states until 1997. Then, the MARPOL Conference in 1997 adopted the Conference Resolution 8 on CO2 emission from ships. The resolution stated that the IMO shall perform the task of the study of emissions of GHG from ships in order to establish the amount and relative portion of GHG emissions from ships as part of the global inventory of GHG emissions. As a result of the resolution, the Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) undertakes the affairs on the GHG emissions from ships.

就国际海事组织中的温室气体（GHG）排放的第一次讨论是源自MARPOL附则VI中的温室气体排放量的建议，这并没有得到各会员国的同意，直到1997年。1997年的海洋污染会议通过了对船舶业的二氧化碳排放量的大会决议8。该决议指出，国际海事组织应履行船舶业温室气体排放的研究任务，以确定船舶业温室气体排放量和温室气体排放量占全球温室气体排放总量的相对部分。作为该决议的成果，海洋环境保护委员会（MEPC）承诺负责船舶业温室气体排放的事务。

Figure MEPC and Working Group Timeline

MEPC及工作组的时间线图

Source: Lloyd Register, Implementing the Energy Efficiency Design Index (June 2012)