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原型范畴作为一个至关重要的概念在分类认知语言学理论，认知科学是一个基本的和重要的概念，其中一些成员的分类是比较关键的，因为他们不仅比别人更加重要，也因为他们是更典型和高效。因此，原型范畴的研究具有重要的意义。然而，在家族相似性理论研究的过程中，一些学者开始专注于原型范畴。此外，理想化认知模型（ICM）中发挥着核心作用，在解释原型效应涌现，带动原型范畴的发展在一定程度上。因此，为了更好理解原型范畴，家族相似性和ICM应该说在开始的时候As a crucial concept in the categorization theory of cognitive linguistics, prototypecategorization is an elementary and important concept in cognitive Science, where somemembers of categorization are more crucial than others not only because they are moreimportant, but also because they are more typical and efficient. Therefore，the study ofprototype categorization is of significance.However, in the process of family resemblance theories study, some scholars began tofocus on prototype categorization. Moreover, Idealized Cognitive Model (ICM) which plays acentral role in explaining prototype effect emerged, driven on by the development ofprototype categorization to some extent. Therefore, in order to comprehend prototypecategorization better, family resemblance and ICM should be talked at the very beginning

1.1 Study Abroad

1,1.1 Family Resemblance Situations
许多学者在这一领域进行了大量的研究，并提供了许多定义。最流行的是约翰·泰勒：通用术语，就像是一个家庭，不同的成员有着不同的相似或相似，以不同的方式，形成一个交叉和重叠的相似。被称为关系和相似的家族相似性（约翰R.Taylor，1995），在20世纪50年代的家族相似性是一个深受维特根斯坦的哲学思想，在他去世后，最知名的博览会在书中的哲学研究（1953）。有人曾建议维特根斯坦挑论辩语言家庭的概念和术语。维特根斯坦的观点是，要连接的东西可能会被认为一个重要的共同特征，可事实上式动词重叠的相似之处，通过一系列没有一个特点是共同所有。游戏，维特根斯坦用来解释的概念，已成为一组相关的家族相似的典范（替代类成员关系）例如。Many scholars have done a lot of research in this field and provided many definitions.The most popular one is John R. Taylor: general term is just like a family, in which differentmembers share different resemblance or similarities in different way to form a cross andoverlapped similarity. The relationship and similarity is called family resemblance (John R.Taylor. 1995).In the 1950s，family resemblance is a philosophical idea made popular by LudwigWittgenstein, with the best known exposition being given after his death in the bookPhilosophical Investigations (1953). It has been suggested that Wittgenstein picked the ideaand the term when discoursing about language families. Wittgenstein's point was that thingswhich may be thought to be connected by one essential common feature may in fact beconnected by a series of overlapping similarities，where no one feature is common to all.Games, which Wittgenstein used to explain the notion, have become the paradigmatic (relatedas members of a substitution class) example of a group that is related by family resemblances.
Wittgenstein analyzed how to define the word game. He illustrated that there is no a setof sharing common properties for the various members of one category, and there is no one onwhose basis parts can be clearly distinguished from none of them. The boundary of onecategory is vague—however, it is a fact which does not detract from the communicativeusefulness of this category. Thus，the category is not structured in terms of shared criterialfeatures, but rather by a criss-crossing network of similarities. Some members share some ofthese attributes, other members share other attributes. Yet there are no attributes common toall members and to them alone. It may even be the case that some members have practicallynothing in common with others. Members of a family resemble one another in various ways:they may share the same build or the same facial features, but there is no single collection ofproperties sha本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。