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x’, ‘elements for building’. ‘Pictograph’ is independent character and is the basis of stem, and even of whole formality. 指事is a kind of derivation，i.e. stem+suffix. Associative compounds pictophonetic characters and mutually explanatory characters are all compounds. Phonetic loan characters are kinds of inversion. The founding of formality combined the traditional theory of character making with western theory of word-formation, and also established a new platform for the English-Chinese contrastive studies of word formation. III. Chinese morphological changes. Similar with English, the morphological changes in modern Chinese mainly have two types: 1) affix-adding i.e. adding some morphological signs to a word to express certain grammatical feature. For instance, noun referring to human is added with the suffix, ‘们’ to express a group or indefinite number. Some complement compounds are cut into infix ‘得’‘不’ to express the possibility and impossibility; 2) Repetition i.e. a morpheme or the whole word repeated to express certain grammatical meaning, for instance, an adjective is repeated to express a doubled degree, ‘干净---干干净净’‘红---红红的’；what’s more, sometimes the two ways can be used together. For example, ‘想一想，看一看’are formed by two repeated verbs adding a infix ‘一’to express the action which happens only once. There are altogether 14 affixes in Chinese: ‘们’‘了’used after verbs or adjectives to mean accomplishment；‘着 ’means continuity； ‘过’ means experience； ‘头’ used for VIPs to mean appraisement； ‘看’ means attempt； ‘起来’ means a start； ‘下去’ means to go on doing something；‘法子’ means evaluation； ‘得，不得’ means the possibility and impossibility；‘得了，不了’means the possibility of the accomplishment；‘得来，不来’ means the possibility of the ability； ‘的慌’ means the overdone degree and ‘巴’ means to do something at one’s please. We will discuss two problems later: 1) What’s the function of ‘们’ ‘了’ ‘着’ when it is attached to another word, auxiliary word or affix? 2) Is it compulsive to use all such words, according to the grammatical features or categories? 3.1 Two types of Chinese morphological changes. In Chinese morphological changes there is no inflective as in European languages, but are mainly two types: the affix-adding and repetition. Affix is used much more common, usually sound softly, and phonetically attached to or mixed together with the related word. More details have been discussed before. 3.2 The alternative in morphological changes. Generally speaking, word-formation is not so widely spread as that in European language, and also not so widely used as a basic grammatical method in Chinese. Meanwhile, some word-formation does not have a wide sphere to use or their alternative conditions are narrowed. For instance, ‘们’can be only used with the noun referring to human, rather than all the nouns; ‘着，了，过’ express a kind of dynamic state but can not be used with all the verbs. Therefore, someone would say that this type of word-formation is not universal in some grammatical categories. This would be discussable. Wang Li argued that when we say certain regularity is universal, we mean that under the same circumstance it is universal. In this sense, ‘们’ is universal when it is under such circumstance that noun referring human expresses a concept of a group or indefinite plural, and its word-formation and even regularity are negated only because it could be used with any other nouns. ‘着，了，过’ can be solved in the same way. They are used with