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Cultural issues in an organization are silent killers on the organization sales. Actually it depends on the cultural issue certain issues can affect the organizational performance in a great manner. It’s the organizations top managers’ responsibility to look deep on to these issues and to bring a solution for it. It’s important to them to understand the causes of cultural effects in an organization and why they occur. However through this research it will help the managers to identify the problems and to improve the employee’s condition to a better standard in which the employees are free from cultural effects. And also it will make the management to think deeply to come out with positive ideas to solve the cultural effects in a positive manner which will make the organization to be constant without any failures.

Chapter 02

2.1 Culture

Culture in the study of international relations may be defined as the sharing and transmitting of consciousness within and across national boundaries, and the cultural approach as a perspective that pays particular attention to this phenomenon. (Hofstede, 1980). Culture is the expression of human values. It may be very intense and conscious, as in art objects and performances or religious practice. It may be pervasive and relatively unconscious, in the rituals of food, the use of time or family celebrations. It embraces the extremes of this spectrum and everything between. Culture is everything we don’t have to do to survive – but are compelled to do to feel human. (Schutz, 1970). Culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

Schien (1985) justifies Culture refers to the pattern of human activity and the symbols that give significance to these activities. Culture manifests itself in terms of the art, literature, costumes, customs, language, religion and religious rituals. The people and their pattern of life make up the culture of a region. Cultures vary in the different parts of the world. They are different across the land boundaries and the diversity in cultures results in the diversity in people around the world. Culture also consists of the system of beliefs held by the people of the region, their principles of life and their moral values. The patterns of behavior of the people of a particular region also form a part of the region's culture. The word 'culture' that hails from the Latin word, 'cultura' derived from ‘colere’, means, 'to cultivate'. Hence the way in which the minds of the masses inhabiting a particular region are cultivated, in some way determines the culture of a region.

Montserrat-Howlett (1992) says that Culture is shared, by which we mean that every culture is shared by a group of people. Depending on the region they live in, the climatic conditions they thrive in and their historical he本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。