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直到20世纪90年代初期，在英国，职场的欺负行为 多人们来说更多的来说只是一个传说，而并非一个现实。当然，这也可能是因为缺乏研究和文献记载而引起的问题。然而，在20世纪90年代初期，安德列亚当斯通过一系列的无线电广播，并发表被称为“滥用权力，究竟是谁的错”讲话，将这个问题带到了公众的视线内。安德列亚当斯是一个有影响力的活动家，他的目的是提高社会对工作场所欺负事件的意识。在她去世后的1995年，人们建立了亚当斯信托，其目的是为了帮助人们解决工作场所发生的欺负事件。随着许多媒体的不断报道以及工会的压力和对亚当斯的信任，从而造成这个问题不断地被专家学者深入研究和观察。

由于缺乏研究，确定“欺负“这个定义是很困难的。因纳森说：“在不同的欧洲国家，人们使用了不同的对”欺负“的观念，如“围攻”、 “骚扰”、“欺负”和“心理恐怖”。然而，他们都指的是同一个现象，即一个下属或者同事收到了上级领导的虐待。如果这个现象继续下去，可能导致被害人产生严重的社会、心理和心身问题。1994年，因纳森提出来具体的定义，他认为“当一个或几个在一段时间内持续欺负一个人，这是他们自己是在接收自己的负面行为，而在这种情况下，被欺负的目标难以在这些欺负行为下保护他或她自己。但是随着这各问题不但被人们所察觉，人们也会真正意识到他们是否被欺负了。

Up until the early 1990’s workplace bullying was more of a myth than reality in the UK, this may have been more to do with the lack of research and literature into the problem. However in the early 1990’s Andrea Adams brought it into the public eye via a series of Radio 4 broadcasts called ‘An Abuse of Power and Whose Fault is it Anyway’. Andrea Adams was an influential campaigner who’s aim was to raise awareness about workplace bullying, she dies later in 1995 and in memory of her death the Adams trust was set up to help address workplace bullying. Following this the continual media coverage and pressure from trade unions and the Adams trust caused this issue to be academically studied and looked into further.

Due to the lack of research defining bullying can be difficult. Einarsen (2003) said “Differing concepts have been in use in different European countries, such as ‘mobbing’ (Leymann, 1996; Zapf et al., 1996), ‘harassment’ (Bjorkqvist et al., 1994), ‘Bullying’ (Einersen and Raknes, 1997) and ‘psychological terror’ (Letmann, 1990a). However they all seem to refer to the same phenomenon, namely the systematic mistreatment of a subordinate, a colleague, or a superior, which if continued, may cause severe social, psychological and psychosomatic problems in the victim.” (Einarsen, Hoel, Zapf and Cooper, 2003:2). Being more specific in 1994 Einarsen defines bullying as ‘when one or several individuals persistently over a period of time perceive themselves to be on the receiving end of negative actions from one or several persons, in a situation where the target of bullying has difficulty in defending him or herself against these actions’ (Einarsen et al. 1994: 20, cited in Hoel and Cooper 2001:4). However this raises the issue of perception, and whether people realise they are being bullied.

The broadcasts made by Radio 4 gave people the language and vocabulary to describe and make sense of past and present situations. Lee (2000) interviewed 50 self selected individuals, 35 claimed to have suffered from workplace bullying. An extract from one of her interviews “It took me a long time to realise that it was actually bullying, but finally the penny dropped when I saw a programme on BBC 2”. This describes how people do not realise they are being bullied as they don’t know how to describe it.

In the decade that followed the 1992 broadcasts academics became more interested in bullying at work. Liefooghe suggested ‘an important parallel between a concept of institutionalized racism and the employing organization as bullies, this alludes to organisational dynamics and broader processes in the changing nature of work as key drivers that provoke workers to use the rhetoric of bullying as a political act, and thus as a form of resistance’ (Liefooghe 2003: 32). Showing bullyin本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。