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unconsciously understands how this information is communicated. In summary, it is necessary to view culture as a concept that is manifested at the level of both individual and social institutions, in order to comprehend its nature and potential effects. Major cultural layers would be like behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values etc

 

Fast messages or slow messages may dominate culture:

Upon generalization Chinese cultures is dominated by slow messages and the north European culture by fast messages.

 

For example: In UK people develop acquaintances and friendships in a short period of time where as in china personal relations take to long to develop and are charecterised by depth. Friendships usually continue through one’s life time, beside of the inherent meaning fullness of a friendship, these relations also help a foreigner to become more successful in doing business in china.

 

High and Low context:

Hall and Hall (1987) classifies north European as low context cultures for most part is a high context culture.

 

Monochromic and Polychromic:

There are many views of the time in the world, two kinds that are highly different are monochromic and polychromic. Northern culture is primarily monochromic “Time is money”, and “Time waits for no man”, are monochromic aphorisms that reveal a linear orientation of time as a tangible object. Plans and schedules are adhered to religiously. In contrast, Chinese are polychromic in orientations, business appointments and schedules hold little importance. Relationships of the moment are the greatest concern. Plans are changed often and easily (Hall and Hall, 1987).

 

Interpersonal Relationships:

Chinese cultural values are largely formed and created from inter-personal relationships and social orientations. Relationships with others take an importance in china in ways that are often not observed in northern European culture business is transacted in the context of relationships, thus a focus on relational values in the Chinese culture seems most appropriate

 

Face:

A concept that is related to Guanxi is that of face. It too has a previous influence in interpersonal relationships in china. Yau (1988) suggest that there are two types of faces. One type of face represents the confidence of the society in a person’s interprets and reputation. The loss of this confidence makes it impossible for the person to function properly in the society. This kind of face can be lost through miss conduct. It cannot be gained. A second type of face strands for the prestige that can be achieved or lost.

 

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