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nslation and lets us comprehend clearly that the outside factors of translation influence  translation  motives,  the  choices  of  source  texts  and  the  translation  strategies so as to evaluate and appreciate translation works in a more objective manner. Jiang Zhixiang's translated version of Bulwer Lytton’s Night and Morning has long been neglected in the academic translation circle. The aim of the paper is not to find the mistakes  the  translators  made  in  the  translations  or  judge  the  quality  of  the  translation version.  According  to  the  application  of  Andre  Lefevere's  manipulation  theory,  the author tries to uncover the three manipulative forces which influence the translation. In this thesis, the author made great efforts to collect materials related to translator’s life, translation  practices,  translation  theory  and  related  statistics  and  sum  up  translator’s guiding  translation  thoughts  and  the  influence  on  translators  in  the  later  period, especially,   the  influence  on  the  late  Qing  and  early  republic  translators’  and translation practice. 
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Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW 

2.1 Previous Study on Jiang Zhixiang’s Version of Night and Morning 
Jiang Zhixiang, as the writer of the first Chinese translated version novel,  should have deserved more attention. However, only a few scholars once studied him through his  translation  works.  And  his  typical  work  handed  down  was  the  Chinese  version  of Bulwer Lytton’s Night and Morning. This chapter presents a brief overview of studies on the translation of this novel. Patrick  Hannan,  the  famous  professor  of  Harvard  University,  in  his  paper Introduction  to  the  First  Chinese  Translated  novel,  analyzes  from  the  perspective  of translator  translational-environment.  What  his  paper  focused  on  was  translator’s adaptation,  selection  and  the  sponsor’s  influence,  going  through  the  whole  translating process.  He  believed  that  translation  itself  is  to  mediate  between  two  kinds  of  culture background.  If  you  want  to  end  up  with  a  gratifying  description  of  translation,  two kinds of bilateral cultural background are needed to be taken into consideration. In this work,  the  author,  through  to  the  modification  of  the  original,  makes  it  familiar  to general  readers.  In  the  analysis  of  a  higher  level,  the  translation  process  almost inevitably  assimilates  the  types,  themes  and  characters  of the  original  work &nbs本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。