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......... 12 
3.3 Three Key Terms of the Manipulation Theory ......... 13 
3.3.1 Ideology ....... 13 
3.3.2 Poetics .......... 15 
3.3.3 Patronage ..... 16 
CHAPTER FOUR AN INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATED VERSION OF NIGHT AND MORNING .... 19 
4.1 An Introduction to the Translator Jiang Zhixiang and the writer Bulwer Lytton ........ 19 
4.1.1 An Introduction to the writer Bulwer Lytton ..... 20 
4.1.2 An introduction to Night and Morning and Xin Xi Xian Tan ........ 21 
CHAPTER FIVE AN ANALYSIS OF JIANG ZHIXIANG’S TRANSLATION STRATEGIES FROM.......... 23
5.1 The Analysis of ideology on Jiang Zhixiang’s Translation of Night and Morning ....... 23 
5.2 The Analysis of Poetics on Jiang Zhixiang’s Translation ........... 31 
5.3 The Analysis of Patronage of Jiang Zhixiang’s Translation ....... 36 

Chapter Five AN ANALYSIS OF JIANG ZHIXIANG’S TRANSLATION STRATEGIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MANIPULATION THEORY 

As is pointed out in Chapter 3, translation is kind of rewriting of the original text. Translation  is  a  mirror  of  a  certain  time.  As  for  translation,  poetics  and  ideology  and patron  are  three  pretty  important  factors  in  translation.  Translators,  therefore,  need  to translate  the  works  to  make  them  fit  the  common  crowds  or  the  dictators  at  that  time. The ideology decides the choice of text they want to translate and the main strategy he is going to use;. The poetics mainly  decides the genre and the language of translation; Patronage  is  an  authority  of  the  person  or  organization  that  can  promote  or  hinder  the reading of literature with the power of writing or rewriting. (Lefevere, 2004:P41). 

5.1  The  Analysis  of  ideology  on  Jiang  Zhixiang’s Translation of Night and Morning 

Lefevere  believes  that  ideology  has  a  profound  influence  on  the  process  of translating.  He  refers  ideology  as  “the  conceptual  grid  that  consists  of  opinions  and attitudes  deemed  acceptable  in  a  certain  society  at  a  certain  time,  and  through  which readers  and  translators  approach  texts” (Bassnett & Lefevere, 2001: p48). In order to clearly illustrate the influence of ideology on Jiang Zhixiang’s translation of Night and Morning, the author made great efforts to analyze the translated text.     Researchers  of  manipulation  school  hold  the  view  that  any  translator  must  be absolutely be affected by ideological factors in their lifetime. Because of this theory, his translation  works  will  definitely  reflect  the  characteristics  of  his  living  time.  The specific period under the author’s study in this paper is about Jiang Zhixia本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。