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《大学英语》教材不断更新,选取英美国家原文素材的比例也越来越大,其中出现了不少疑难长句。有的长句竟含分句达十二个之多,给大学英语教学带来了一定的难度。不少学生遇到这种句子后,既搞不懂句子的语法结构,也理解不了句子所传达的确切意思;有的教师对此也不知如何着手。针对这种情况,下面提出一种以分句为单位对整个句子进行剖析的解决方法。美国语言学家弗里斯(C. Fries)说过:“每一个作为完整单位的句子,要掌握它的结构模式的全部配列,必须分清结构层次,并认出每个层次的直接成分。”我们可以借助“层次”这个概念来指导下面的剖析。
第一步,弄清楚句子从整体到局部的语法结构和相互关系。
一般说来,以并列连词或分号为连接手段的若干分句间的相互关系是同平面、同层次的关系;以从属连词(包括疑问代、副词和关系代、副词等)为连接手段的各分句之间的关系是不同层次的关系,也就是他们不在同一平面上。根据以上道理,我们对下面三个例句进行剖析:
例句1:
So I was quite offended by my doctor who, when we ran into each other in the street one day, took one look at me and told me that I was definitely over weight and that if I did not make an effort to lose some weight, I could expect to have a heart attack before very long.
先找出整句中共有多少个分句,各分句的起讫点在何处:
Clause A: so I... doctor
B: who,..., took one look at me and told me
C: when we... one day
D: that I was definitely overweight
E: and that... , I could... long

图中英文字母代表各分句,阿拉伯字母代表层次。在第一层次平面上的分句是A,也就是主句;在第二层次平面上的分句只有B,因为只有它才直接从属于A;在第三层次平面上有C、D、E,它们共同直接从属于B;在第四层次平面上的只有F直接从属于E。由此可见,只有直接从属于某一层次的分句,才属于比该层次低一级的层次;凡共同直接从属于一层次的分句,在理论上它们则属于同一层次平面,无论它们各自在句子中的位置是如何地相异。

例句2:
A lot of people do not like to admit that they do not know their hometown and will insist on telling you the way even if they do not know it; others, who are anxious to prove that they know their hometown very well, will give you a long list of directions which you cannot possibly hope to remember; and still others do not seem to be able to distinguish between their left and their right and you eventually find that you are going in the opposite direction to that in which you should be going.
找出各分句:
Clause A: A lot of people do not like to admit... and will insist on telling you the way
B: that they do not know their hometown
C: even if they do not know it
D: others, ..., will give you a long list of directions
E: who are anxious to prove
F: that they know their hometown very well
G: which you cannot possibly hope to remember
H: and still others do not seem to be able to distinguish between their left and their right
I: and you eventually find
J: that you are going in the opposite direction to that
K: in which you should be going
仿照例句1,分析各分句间关系:

分句A、D、H、I是以分号和并列连词"and"充当连接手段的,故相互间为平等关系,谁也不从属于谁,处于同一层次平面上;分句B、C、E、G、J分别直接从属于第一层次上的各分句,所以共同在第二层次平面上;分句F、K分别直接从属第二层次平面上的E和J,所以也共同处于第三层次平面上。

例句3:
下面是《新编大学英语》第四册第一课中的一个句子。
In later centuries, some sages have suggested that happiness comes from living a virtuous life, and others(have suggested that happiness comes) from indulging pleasures; some ( have suggested) that it comes from knowing the truth, and others(have suggested that happiness comes) from preserving illusions; some (have suggested) that it comes from restraint, and others (have suggested that happiness comes) from getting rid of rage And misery.
这个句子含有省略成分,先将其补全(见括号里内容),再按例句1、2的方法分析各分句间的相互关系:
Clause A: In... have suggested
B: that happiness comes from living a virtuous life,
C: and others have suggested
D: that happiness comes from indulging pleasures;
E: some have suggested
F: that it comes from knowing the truth,
G: and others have suggested
H: that happiness comes from preserving illusions;
I: some have suggested
J: that it comes from restrain本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。