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Abstract:In recent decades translation studies in the West have undertaken a drastic shift, fromlinguistic- and source-oriented to cultural- and target-oriented, with an aim to explore andexpose the influencing political, socio-economical and cultural factors behind translation.Building on the polysystem theory of Descriptive Translation Studies, Andre Lefevere, anAmerican translation theorist, proposed his triad theory of ideology, poetics and patronageas the controlling factors in translation. Since its inception, although without weaknesses, ithas lent a fresh paradigm to translation studies and has been proved to be highly applicableby some translation theorists.
    Based on Lefevere's theory, this thesis attempts to analyze the translation of the worksby Howard Fast, a contemporary American novelist, in China in the 1950s.    Howard Fast was a prolific writer known for his leftist ideas, historical novels,science-fiction and best-sellers. Though he can only be ranked as a second-class writer inAmerica, he enjoyed a literary reputation beyond the reach of many world famous writers,such as William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, John Steinbeck, and many others, in Chinain the 1950s, when he was a Communist Party member, and almost all of his major worksbefore that time were translated into Chinese. In early 1957, Howard Fast publicly declaredhis departure from the American Communist Party, which ruined his literary fame in Chinaalmost over night. Not only did severe criticisms by Chinese writers follow it, but hisworks were also ruled out of the translation agenda. This lasted more than two decadesuntil the early 1980s.
   The thesis hypothesizes that the Chinese translation of the works by Howard Fast inthe 1950s was manipulated by ideology, poetics and patronage, as specified by Lefevere.    Departing from Lefevere's theory, the thesis briefly investigates China's literarytranslation history, revealing that it is a long tradition in China that ideology, poetics andpatronage manipulate literary translation, with the translation of the works by Howard Fastonly a specific case in this tradition.
    Then the thesis further proceeds to analyze the ideology, poetics and patronage inChina in the 1950s, which served as the social and cultural background for the translationof the works by Howard Fast.
   As patronage was highly centralized to the government, only the manipulation by thedominant ideology and poetics then in the translation of Howard Fast's works arediscussed. The dominant poetics manipulated the translation in terms of the literaryproduction principle and the subject matter; the dominant political ideology manipulatedthe translation through translation selection, different interpreting of the original by thetranslators or publishers, notating by the translators and the translators' translationstrategies and resolutions to specific linguistic problems.
   In the conclusion, the thesis points out, however, that any exaggeration of the powerof ideology, poetics and patronage in manipulating literary translation should be guardedagainst as there are exceptions in which translation may be done in pursuit of thetranslator's own literary and esthetic interest, such as the case of Mu Dan.
Key words: ideology; poetics; patronage; manipulation; Howard Fast
内容摘要:在西方，翻译研究已发生了重大的转向，跳出了语言学研究的藩篱，转向了文化方向，试降i探究和揭示本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。