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　　本论文旨在运用元函数理论来比较两个中国翻译狄更斯的代表作新的困难时期。作为一个在英国历史上最伟大的大师的语言，狄更斯成功地提供了他的作品生动的全景了他所生活的世界，通常会显示“艰难时世”狄更斯通过他的各种人物和他们的价值观和掌握的语言功能功利的时代精神。当涉及到翻译小说，它的任务是翻译人员和掌握的语言功能狄更斯在他的故意选择的语言设备The present thesis seeks to compare two Chinese translations of CharlesDickens' masterpiece novel Hard Times by applying Metafunction Theory.As one of the greatest masters of language in English history, Dickenssuccessfully offers in his works a vivid panorama of the world in which he lived, andHard Times typically displays Dickens’ grasp of linguistic functions by which hespell out his various characters and their values and the utilitarian spirit of the age.When it comes to the translation of the novel, it is the task of translators tounderstand this grasp of the linguistic functions by Dickens in his intentional choicesof linguistic devices.So far, there has been two Chinese translations of this novel, that by QuanZhenxia and that by Ma Jianhua. There has never been any research done on eitheror both of the two versions，as Ma's version is in many ways similar to that ofQuart's, which seems to have been regarded as unproblematic. But a comparisonfrom the perspective of linguistic functions will show many differences between thetwo versions, small ones in many cases but still significant in principles.A good way to understand the functions of language is Halliday's MetafunctionTheory. Halliday regards language primarily as a system of linguistic functions atwork. Ideationally, interpersonally,https://www.51lunwen.org/translation/ textually, the speaker/author must at once makesystematic choices at different dimensions in order to achieve good communication.Therefore comprehensive judgment of the speaker/author's functional intention isnaturally necessary for the translator in order to make a most meaningflilrepresentation of the original text.In this thesis, besides the introduction and the conclusion, the thesis consists offour chapters. In Chapter One，the author outlines the formation, development, andmain concept of Metafunction, and lays down the theoretical foundation of thisthesis. In Chapter Two, the author analyzes the adoption of transitivity, sentencestructure and the semantic meaning of sentences in the two Chinese versions. InChapter Three, the author analyzes the translation of modality bases on ModalitySystem and the adjunction based on the mood. In Chapter Four, the author mainlymakes an analysis of the adoption of the theme-rheme structure and the coherentmethods based on Cohesion System in the two versions.

　　
　　Chapter Two Comparison of Translations....................................... 19-28
　　    2.1 Introduction of the Ideational Function .......................................19
　　    2.2 Experiential Function .......................................19-22
　　    2.3 Logical Function....................................... 22-28
　　        2.3.1 Structure of the Sentences .......................................23-24
　　        2.3.2 Logico-semantic Relation....................................... 24-28
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