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　　1.1 Research Background研究背景
　　长期以来,翻译研究几乎是局限于翻译活动本身的语言层面。翻译的文本只属于导数和还是创新性活动(Simon,1996:65)。For a long period, the study of translation is almost restricted to the linguistic levelor the translation activity itself. The translated text only belonged to derivative andnoncreative activity (Simon, 1996:65). The translated text should achieve“faithfulness/fidelity” or “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance” (信、达、雅) to theoriginal one and the author is viewed as a primary consideration, and the translator isinferior to the author and the reader in translation activities. Various names are given tothe translator to show his/her embarrassing place, such as a “servant”, a “translationmachine” and a “fettered dancer”, so on and so forth. However, there were some“unfaithful” translations rendered by Yan Fu and Lin Shu which were very influential inthe translation field and highly praised by their readers. Therefore, the paradoxicalphenomenon in the translation implies that the traditional translation theories could notexplain all translation problems adequately. Under this circumstance, new perspectivesof translation studies are required to justify these translation problems and thetranslator’s role in the translation process should be redefined.Since 1970s, the “cultural turn” has emerged in translation studies in the west, https://www.51lunwen.org/translation/ andsome theories have mushroomed such as the Deconstruction, the Feminism, theHermeneutics and the Functionalism, etc. Meanwhile, the translator has been paid moreand more attention to and numerous researches have started to focus on the translator’ssubjectivity displayed in translation activities, such as the work Translator’s invisibility:A History of Translation (1995) of Venuti Lawrence, and the work The Translator’sTurn (1991) of Robinson Douglas. However, most studies on the translator’ssubjectivity are mainly conducted in the theoretical framework of the Hermeneutics orthe Deconstruction, but a few are from the perspective of the Functionalism, or theSkopostheorie, the core of the Functionalism.The Skopostheorie is put forward by Hans J. Vermeer as a general theory oftranslation. In this theory translation is regarded as a purposeful action, and the purposeof the target text plays a decisive role in the translation process, which can justify thetranslation strategies and methods. The Skopostheorie suggests that the same source textcan be rendered into kinds of versions according to different translation purposes andtranslation briefs. If the purpose of the target text is not the same as that of the sourcetext, then the translation criterion is not the “faithfulness” to the source text but the“adequacy”. In order to fulfill a certain translation purpose, the translator can adopt anymethod and skill he/she thinks properly in the translation process, which gives thetranslator free right to fully display his/her subjectivity. The Skopostheorie not onlybreaks through the limitation of the equivalence-based theory, but also gets thetranslation studies out of the shackles of the original language-oriented theory.Meanwhile, the translator’s status is also highly emphasized in the translation process inthe Skopostheorie.The novel Gulliver Travels was written by Jonathan Swift, a 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。