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Introduction 

Gungthang  Tenpai  Dronme,  whose  full  name  is  Gungthang  Konchok  Tenpai Dronme1, is the Third Gungthang Rinpoche2 of Labrang Monastery3 in Amdo4. “He is the  most  prestigious and  the  most  influential  figure  among  Gungtang  incarnation lineage”5 of  the  Gelug  Sect6 of  Tibetan  Buddhism as  well  as  one  of  the  greatest Tibetan scholars and writers. In 1762, Tenpai Dronme was born in a Tibetan herding family  in  southern  Dzodge  which  is  now  located  in  Gannan  Tibetan  Autonomous Prefecture,  Gansu  Province.  When  Tenpai  Dronme  was  five  years  old,  he  was identified  by  the  Second  Jamyang  Zhepa7, Konchok  Jigme  Wangpo8  as  “the reincarnation of the Second Gungtang Lama, Ngawang Tenpai Gyeltsen.”9 At the age of  7,  he  was  brought  to  Labrang  where  he  “was  granted  vows  of  upāsaka,  primary monk, and novice monk”10 and was given the name Konchok Tenpai Dronme by the Second Jamyang Zhepa. Tenpai Dronme then studied under the distinguished Geshe11 who  instructed  him  in  learning  Tibetan  language,  Buddhist  rituals,  root-verses  of basic texts of Buddhism. He also mastered Chinese and Mongolian. At the age of 17, Tenpai  Dronme  furthered  his  study  in Gomang  College  of  Drepung  Monasteries12 in Lhasa,  where  he  studied  the  major  subjects  of  Geshe  Lharampa  curriculum13.  At  the age of 21, Eighth Dalai Lama Lobzang Jampel Gyatso14 granted Tenpai Dronme fully ordained monk. Owing to his diligence of eight-year study of scriptures, he received the highest academic Geshe degree of Geshe Lharampa at the age of 25 and became a well-known scholar. At the age of 31, Tenpai Dronme was enthroned to the seat of the 21st abbot of Labrang monastery. During his seven years of reign, he gave teachings and made amendments to some codes of rules and disciplines in the monastery. At the age  of  37,  after  the  enthronement  of  the  young  reincarnated  lama  Dawa  Zhonnu, Tenpai Dronme asked for resignation as abbot of Labrang monastery. At the age of 41, Tenpai  Dronme  inaugurated  the  building  of  a  great  stupa  which  was  accomplished and  consecrated  in  1805.  As  an  honored  scholar  in  Amdo,  Tenpai  Dronme  travelled around  various  regions  to  give  teachings  of  the  scriputures  at  the  invitation  of monasteries,  and  produced  a  large  volume  of  texts.  From  the  age  of  45  on,  Tenpai Dronme retreated at the Labrang and its hermitage, Yega Chodzin, occupying himself with meditation and composition. Meanwhile, he gave instructions to his disciples and devotees  among  whom  many  are &nbs本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。