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　　在这一部分，背景，研究问题，研究的方法和结构的研究。背景菜根智慧的杰作洪应明的警句，包括儒教，道教以及佛教的言论和反思。它充满了戒律，强调修身养性，源于这三个思想系统，其人生哲学在中国的蓬勃发展今天。In this part, the background, the research question, the methodology and thestructure of the research are introduced.BackgroundTending the Roots of Wisdom, a masterpiece of aphorisms by Hong Yingming,consists of the remarks and reflections of Confucianism, Taoism as well as Buddhism.It is filled with precepts stressing self-cultivation which stem these threeideological systems, whose philosophy of life still thrives in China today. Throughoutthe 20thcentury, it failed to arouse much attention in philosophical, artistic or literarycircles in China, and then in the 1980s, a “Tending the Roots of Wisdom craze” arose,and the Japanese people even regarded it as an encyclopedia for corporatemanagement. Also, more and more Chinese people are showing interest in the book.There are various classical Chinese versions and English versions of Tending theRoots of Wisdom. In the book included by the Library of Chinese Classics, theoriginal classical Chinese text is taken one of the most popular editions, and theEnglish version is contributed by Paul White, an Englishman well versed in theChinese culture. https://www.51lunwen.org/translation/ To facilitate the understanding of the readers, a modern Chineseversion is given along with the original classical Chinese version and the Englishversion.The project the Library of Chinese Classics marks the first time that China hassystematically introduced translated versions of Chinese classics to the rest of theworld. Officially started in 1995, the project ed 100 books which are regarded asmost representative of China’s achievement in literature, history, philosophy, economy,science and technology, etc. It almost covers all the influential and renowned Chineseclassical works the Qin Dynasty to the modern times. Mr Ren Jiyu, honoraryPresident of the National Library, speaks highly of the project and refers to it as anepitome of the achievements of the Chinese civilization and a wonderful project withperfect design, influential versions and marvelous translation. Aimed at introducingthe cultural achievements of China to the rest of the world and revealing to the worldthe aspirations and dreams of the Chinese people over the past 5,000 years, the booksin the Library of Chinese Classics present the corpus of traditional Chinese culture ina Chinese-English format, thus serving as an important channel for China to introduceitself.Research QuestionIn traditional translation studies, scholars prescribe rules for translators to followand focus on analyzing the linguistic norms that determine translation. Different that, the school of Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) adopts a descriptiveapproach. Gideon Toury, a renowned figure of DTS, develops the norm theory.According to Toury (1995:58), “norms can be expected to operate not only intranslation of all kinds, but also at every stage in the translating event, and hence to bereflected on every level of its product”. Toury proposes three kinds of norms, namelythe preliminary norms, the initial norms and the operational norms, so how do thehree translation norms operate in the process of translation, or how are translatorsgoverned by these norms in the translation activi本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。