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s a philosophic book, and the translator lacked academic background knowledge in this field, it was difficult for him to identify and understand professional terms and concepts. Therefore, he searched for parallel texts such as the Critique of Pure Reason, The Republic, De Anima under the guidance of his supervisor, trying to establish a main knowledge framework of the field and understand the thoughts and concepts of ancient Greek philosophy. 

A high-quality translation cannot be achieved without the guidance of good theories. Thus, he studied translation theories, trying to find a proper one to guide the practice. Before the translation, he read Catford’s A Linguistic Theory of Translation thoroughly and paid special attention to the Translation Shifts Theory. After full discussion with his supervisor on difficult points, he got a clearer understanding of the theory. Meanwhile, he also read Non-literary Translation Theory and Practice, A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese and other books to supplement his understanding of translation and the Shifts Theory.

2.2 While-translation Process

After the above preparatory work, the translator began to translate Chapter Five of the book through the following stages:

First, based on the pre-marked terms, the translator made use of the Internet and relevant materials to determine their translations. On the one hand, for the familiar and accepted terms such as “metaphysics”, “ontology”, etc., the translator used translation tools, including Practical English-Chinese Dictionary of Philosophical Terms, the New Century Chinese-English Dictionary, NetEase Youdao Dictionary, Ou Lu Dictionary to find equivalents in Chinese. On the other hand, for the rare terms without ready Chinese equivalents such as “Procreation Model”, “subject-predicate model”, etc., he consulted Associate Professor Jia Chenyang, an expert in Western philosophy from Marxism School, determined their translation. For example, when it came to the word “mind”, he felt confused whether it should be translated as “心灵” as a philosophical concept or “大脑” as a biological concept in different contexts. After Professor Jia explained the meaning of it, the translator uniformed “mind” as “心灵” in the TT. Afterwards, the translator and Li Qian, the translator of Chapter Six, uniformed the terms and listed the glossary of terms (see Appendix 1).

Next, as for the long and difficult sentences, he solved most of them by referring to parallel texts. Then, he discussed with Li Qian and consulted his supervisor about those extremely obscure sentences beyond his capacity. They summarized and compared the linguistic features of English and Chinese, as well as made syntactic analysis of sentence patterns. For example, the translator felt at a loss when he encountered the long sentence “Kant tells us in the preface to his revolutionary book that in mathematics and physics similar revolutions resulted when great thinkers realized that the true method of science is not to inspect and describe the properties of external objects but ‘‘to bring out what was necessarily implied in the concepts that they had themselves formed a priori and had put into the figure ... or into nature.” His supervisor suggested him to identify sentence elements first and to pay attention to the inverted sentence “in mathematics and physics similar revolutions resulted”. Then he got the meaning of the ST a本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。