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ent much time reviewing her lessons after class and doing her homework. She was hardworking and usually studied late into the night. She was a good student.

译文B. Being a student at a key university, she attended classes every morning, during which she listened to the lecture attentively. Her homework and preparation for the lessons took much of her spare time and sometimes kept her up until late the night. She was hardworking and in everybody' s opinion a good student.

译文A反复使用简单句,句式缺乏变化,中文的味道很浓;译文B使用了一个分词短语,一个非限定性定语从句,一个时间状语和一个以抽象名词词组作主语的句子,句子生动活泼,重点突出,英语味道浓。

形合与意合的冲突不仅体现在语篇布局的差异上,还表现在句子主语的确定上。“英语常用物称作主语,让事物客观地表达;汉语则重人称,注重主体思维,多用人称作主语。”^[6](70页)这种本体型思维与客体型思维的差异可以从下面的例子中得到印证。

例1.大家知道,遭受水灾地区的人民急切需要食品、衣服和药品。

A. All know that the people in the flooded area are hungry for food, clothes and medicine.

B. It is well known that the people in the flooded area are hungry for food, clothes and medicine.

译文A受汉语重主体的影响,用all作主语;译文B以形式it替换了all,体现了英语重行合的特点,在汉翻英时,更倾向于选择后者。

例2.我突然想到一个好主意。

A. Suddenly I thought of a good idea.

B. A good idea suddenly occurred to me.

译文A重视动作的主体“I”,而译文B注重动作的客体“a good idea”,后者更符合英语的习惯。

(二)简洁与复杂

一般来讲,英语怕重复,好简洁的文风,对随意重复相同的音节,词语或句子往往感到厌烦;而汉语不怕重复,讲求文采,好用华丽辞藻,匀称结构。这种不同的思维习惯,影响了人们提取和加工信息的不同方式。为了达到简洁的目的,英语中有大量替代形式(substitute)来取代上文已出现的信息。如名词性替换(one, the same, this, which, the sort),动词性替换(do, do so)和分句性替换(so, not)等,如翻译“成绩有两重性,错误也有两重性”时,地道的英语翻译应是“Achievements have a dual character, and so have mistakes.”而不是中式英语“Achievements have a dual character,mistakes have a dual character, too.”汉语虽有替代形式的情况,但“汉语中替换现象出现的频率要低于英语”^[7](58页),因此,汉语常用连动式词本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。