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igs and cleaning; vets and drugs cost about $10 per pig. No opportunity cost for labor included  
TTable 2. Consolidated Balance Sheet of Ms. Yan’s 2-pig Operation,
June 30, 2002
Items Amount, USD Items Amount, USD
Assets   Liability  
Current  
Cash for feed and vets 42   Short term debt for feeder pigs 19 
4% premix and other feed in store 9  Taxes payable  4 
Fixed    
  Pig shed, trough, and tools  133 
  Pigs  77    
Total equity  238

Table 3. Estimated Consolidated Income Statement of Ms. Yan’ 2-pig Operation, December 31,2002

Items Amount, USD Note
Revenues 
Pigs sold 141.5 3 pigs sold a year
Manure collected for fertilizer use 29 Opportunity cost
Expenses 
Buy feeder pigs 21.5 
Grain and protein meals 13.8 8% of feed
Premixes 2.8 5 Kg total
Labor 65 Normally not included
Vets and drugs 7.3 
Others 6.5 https://www.51lunwen.org/Economy/2012/0326/1431182783.html 
Depreciation 2.7 
Net income before taxes 50.9 
Net income 48.9 3-5% taxes and fees
Net income per pig 16.3 

Advantages to be a backyard producer
· Enter or withdraw business to/from pig industry at essentially no cost.
· Production flow is totally adjustable depending on market price. 
· Two or three pigs sold per year used to account for 30 to 40 percent cash income for her family but now may be down to only 10 percent. 
Disadvantages and constraints
· No leverage power on inputs and products prices.
· Diseases can cause serious problems and losses.
· More difficult to find market and sell pigs due to higher cost of transportation, thus usually receive lower prices.
· Always being a lowest price receiver no matter how much you improved genetics. 
· Young generation consider odor a problem and neighbor’s complaints of odor. Decreased interests in pig production by younger generation. Actually, backyard pig production is disappearing in areas around big cities.
· Opportunity cost of labor has been noted and begins to increase. 
Emerging Issues

Industrialization, continuous reform, and opening to the outside world are bringing about many changes in the Chinese pig industry.  Observers and researchers interested in the Chinese pig industry are studying the issues currently emerging in the country in order to sketch the outlook for Chinese industry.

Concerned about potential problems caused by reductions in rural incomes, the Chinese government, with a long history of planned economy, will probably continue to provide various supports to the households in agricultural areas. Pig production is one of the sectors chosen by the government to help raise farm incomes. The trend towards household specialization and expanding farm sizes will continue in the hope of increasing production efficiency. 
Although the pace towards privatizing state-owned swine farms is not fast enough to meet the industry expectation, the resolve of the government to drop the long—-suffered burden of poor-managed farms is evident. In Guangdong, local governments have already liquidated many swine farms, facilitating purchase by farm managers and technicians at very reasonable prices. One popular model is to let the managers own up to 40% of net assets/equity 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。