马来西亚失业的原因及其影响 [6]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-09-26编辑:yangcheng点击率:18186
论文字数:7455论文编号:org201409251304495360语种:英语 English地区:马来西亚价格:免费论文
关键词:Economics Essay马来西亚失业unemployment经济增长原因影响
摘要:本文是对马来西亚失业的原因及其影响进行分析的留学生论文,失业对于每一个国家,尤其是拥有巨大人口的发展中国家都是很重要的问题。高失业率意味着劳动力资源没有被有效地利用。因此,充分就业应该作为政府主要的宏观经济目标。这个基本的问题经常被包含在政府政策或议会议程中,年复一年地辩论和讨论。经过一段长时间的讨论和辩论,似乎没有找到完全消灭失业的最终解决方案。
ase as well. Hence, investing in a productive market is a source which can create new market and then increases the job opportunities in the market.
According to Borensztein, Gregorio & Lee(1998) and Yussof and Ismail (2002), FDI will introduce technology and management skill into the domestic firm to enhance the productivity. They may bring towards new technology into the domestic market. Thus, domestic labor will have a chance to upgrade and equip themselves with knowledge from the new technology and systems. FDI have positive effects on domestic unemployment, according to Lall (2002). FDI leads to increase the value of human capital accumulation. Labor will always get new knowledge from new technology so that they will be able to suit themselves into the specified occupations or jobs. Then, unemployment rate will decrease, hence, strengthening the economic growth of the country.
On the other hand, Blomstorm, Fors & Lipsey (1997) found that FDI will retain unskilled jobs at home country when more skill-intensive activities are allocated to the foreign country. Foreign investors will leave jobs which do not need much of labor skill work at their home country and relocate more labor-skilled works abroad. This way, the investors would be able to save in training cost by investing in foreign countries which have abundant skillful workers.
2.3.3 Government Spending
Government programs are the largest source of counterbalancing the income against household earnings shocks arising from the unemployment in the U.S. (Dynarski & Gruber, 1997). Agell, et al. (1997) noted that the government purchases and transfers can enhance employment thus strengthening and stabilizing the economic growth of the nation.
Spending on infrastructure will create more jobs opportunity (Kenyon, 1997). Government spending can raise labor productivity and also complements the investment from private sectors. Subsequently, the demand for labor will increase, hence, decreases the unemployment rate. The whole process of government spending is like a catalyst that can stimulate the overall economic activity and growth in the country.
According to Feldstein (1978), due to the unemployment
Insurance and taxation on labor income could deform work-leisure decisions, and it increases unemployment rates. Even if they do not have a job, they could still get the unemployment insurance to support their daily lives. Thus, this will result in a negative manner where labors will depend on the unemployment insurance instead of working hardly. On the other hand, the increase in income tax will lead to unemployment because income taxes charge according to personal income of individuals. The higher the income, the higher the taxes the person needs to pay. Everyone work so hard to get better income for a better life and yet they need to pay higher tax. Hence, there is this mentality where they would choose or decide not to work hard or be jobless, so that they would be able escape from being ‘oppressed’ by the government with income taxes.
2.3.4 Trade
According to Brecher (1974), the unemployment rate could rise or fall after trade depending mainly on whether the country exports labor-intensive goods or not. It shows under the Heckscher-Ohlin model. Davis (1998a, 1998b) further discussed about the effect in a two-country framework. If home country produces and e
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