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porter of both capital and labour goods. A look at the capital-labour ratio of consumption and net trade in 1980 and 1990 we get to the same conclusion as before that South Africa is a relatively capital abundant nation. The capital-labour embodied in net trade is less that the capital-labour embodied in consumption. Even though the country moved to be a net exporter of both capital and labour goods in 2000, it remained capital abundant. Thus, excluding the natural resource sector does not change the capital intensity of South African industries.

 

An analysis on the skilled – unskilled labour embodied in South Africa’s production after the exclusion of the natural resource goods revealed an interesting result. South Africa was a net importer of both skilled and unskilled labour goods in 1980 and 1990 and the skilled-unskilled labour embodied in net trade was less than that embodied in consumption. This shows that the country was relatively skilled abundant and this is against the country’s background which is highly endowed with unskilled labour. This might mean that the bulk of unskilled people are employed in the natural resource sector. However, this changed in 2000 as South Africa was now a net exporter of both skilled and unskilled labour goods. The skilled-unskilled ratios of net trade and consumption revealed that South Africa was now unskilled labour abundant, and this might mean that other sectors of the economy other than the natural resource sector have increased their use of unskilled labour.

 

Eliminating all services from South Africa’s trade in 1990 and 2000 revealed that the country is still capital abundant relative to the world, while it is unskilled labour abundant. Looking at regional disaggregated data consisting of developed, EU, Africa and Rest of Asia for 1990 and 2000 provided quite some interesting results. Given that South Africa is considered to be a middle income country, while most African and Asian countries are considered to be low income nations, in 1990 South Africa was a net exporter of all factors and revealed to be both capital and skilled abundant relative to Africa and Rest of Asia. This is not surprising and conforms to the HOV model. As of 2000 South Africa was still revealed as capital and skilled labour abundant relative to Africa, but for Rest of Asia is was now a net importer of all factors and was revealed to be labour abundant and marginally unskilled labour abundant. Of interest and actually surprising is the fact that South Africa is revealed to be capital abundant relative to developed nations and EU region in both 1990 and 2000. Comparing these nations with South Africa, they are relatively more endowed with capital and skilled labour. This result seems quite surprising, since according to theory, one would expect that high income nations will specialise and export capital intensively produced goods, while, low or middle income nations will produce and export labour intensively produced goods. On the other hand, South Africa is revealed as relatively more unskilled labour abundant than both developed and EU a result which is not hard to believe.

 

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