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ect hiring patterns in an organization, a competitor's change in marketing strategy, or the reorganization of one department which ultimately affects the activities of other departments in the organization.

While a successful accounting managers must possess a high level of expertise in technical, human, and conceptual skills, it is also true that each skill will vary in importance according to the level at which the manager is located in the organization. Generally, technical skills become least important at the top level of the management hierarchy, replaced with a greater emphasis on conceptual skills. Technical skills are most pronounced at lower levels of management because first-line managers are closer to the production process, where technical expertise is in greatest demand. Human skills are equally necessary at each level of the management hierarchy. Conceptual skills are critical for top managers because the plans, policies, and decisions developed at this level require the ability to understand how a change in one activity will affect changes in other activities.

4.2人类技能——4.2 Human Skills

Human skills involve the ability to work with, motivate, and direct individuals or groups in the organization whether there has subordinates, peers, or superiors. Human skills, therefore, relate to the individual's expertise in interacting with others in a way that will enhance the successful completion of the task at hand. Some human skills that are often necessary for managers to display are effective communication (writing and speaking), creation of a positive attitude toward others and the work setting, development of cooperation among group members, and motivation of subordinates.

4.3技术技能——4.3 Technical Skills

Technical skills are those abilities that are necessary to carry out a specific task. Examples of technical skills are writing computer programs, completing accounting statements, analyzing marketing statistics, writing legal documents, or drafting a design for a new airfoil on an airplane. Technical skills are usually obtained through training programs that an organization may offer its managers or employees or may be obtained by way of a college degree. Indeed, many business schools throughout the country see the role as providing graduates with the technical skills necessary for them to be successful on the job.

5、克服困难的方法——7. Ways to overcome difficulties

5.1 Stereotypes & Preconceptions

As an accounting manager, the manger does not give into preconceptions and stereotypes. The manager must encourage face-to-face interactions so the team members can reduce any stereotypes that may exist. Trust often develops when members establish reliability by demonstrating their abilities and capability. The manager must gives team members the chance early on to engage in tasks that demonstrate the skills or introduce team members to each other by highlighting their past experiences and current expertise with the matters at hand.

5.2 Mistakes a new manager

5.2.1 Taking too much control

The accounting manager doesn't use the management authority to make the workplace an environment of fear and animosity for you本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。