英语论文网

在许多演讲社区，在不同的情况下扬声器可以使用两个或两个以上的语种,这种现象称为双舌。本文的目的是讨论双舌在阿拉伯社会的作用,在这里引用的是一个社区弗格森(1959)分类语言情况的例子。我的初衷是在上下文中关注利比亚。然而,利比亚上下文信息是比较缺乏的，这就意味着主要任务的焦点是阿拉伯语。然而,在论文的最后部分是我用简短的语言提及利比亚。

定义双舌后,双舌的特征决定了弗格森也会加入讨论。我将提供一个双舌阿拉伯语,阿拉伯语双舌的起源。古典/现代标准阿拉伯语和口语的描述也会提供,连同他们在不同区域的使用情况也会讨论到。

In many speech communities where speakers use two or more varieties of the same language in different situations, a phenomenon called diglossia exists. The purpose of this paper is to discuss diglossia in the Arab community, as this is one of the communities that have been classified by Ferguson (1959) to be examples of diglossic language situations. It was my original intention to focus specifically on the Libyan context. However, a paucity of information on the Libyan context has meant that the major focus of the assignment is on Arabic in general. However, in the final section of the paper, I do make brief reference to Libya.

After defining diglossia, the characteristic features of diglossia as determined by Ferguson will be discussed too. I will then, provide a description of diglossia in Arabic, followed by the origins of Arabic diglossia. A description of classical/modern standard and colloquial Arabic will be also provided, together with their usage in different domains.

Finally, I will put forward some arguments and studies on Arabic diglossia, which have been introduced by linguists, as well as Arabic dialects and how variation of Arabic dialects is sometimes considered to be problematic.

The term diglossia was introduced from French ‘diglossie' by Ferguson (1959), who is credited with first using this term in an article he wrote in 1959. According to him, diglossia refers to ‘one particular kind of standardization where two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play (Ferguson, 1959:232). In other words, when two languages or language varieties exist side by side in a community and each one is used for different purposes, diglossia exists. Usually, according to Richards et al (1992:108), one is a more standard variety called the high variety or (H- variety) which is used for example in educational institutions (lectures at universities), religious services (prayers, sermons in mosques and churches). The other one is called the low variety or (L- variety), which is used in family context, social interactions and shopping.

In addition, Ferguson has identified four languages which he thinks fit into his definition of diglossia. Those languages are Greek, Arabic, Haitian Creole and Swiss German. In all four areas, there seems to be a similar functional distribution between two varieties of the same language, which are called in Ferguson's terminology high variety (H) and low variety (L).

Ferguson (1959: 235) suggests that the different uses of H and L varieties can be described with reference to the following criteria:

One of the most important features of diglossia is the ‘specialization of function for High and Low forms'(Ferguson, 1959:235). In other words, each form has special domains to be used in. For example, the High form is used in religious sermons, letter writing, parliamentary speech, university lectures, news broadcasts, newspaper edito本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。