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aris left the United States independent in early 1780s. But the government was unsettled. The national debt, paper money and run-away inflation, and economic depression lead to a big financial chaos in the 1780s. According to professor Mooney, the Critical Era pushed colonists to think over the post-war situation and to set up a new government system.(History 100 lecture, 22 February,2010) The second continental congress draft the Articles in June 1776 and the ratification was completed in March 1781, to structure a new federation style called the United States. The Articles of Confederation established the union of the states and was the foundation of the new Constitution. The historians consider that when colonists wrote the Articles of Confederation, the goal was to be different from England. Professor Mooney indicated that colonists' experience in British government made them to choose giving only few power to the government.(History 100 lecture, 22 February 2010) To prevent anyone from becoming supreme, the colonists used a system called Checks and Balances, similar to Separation of Powers, to allow one branch to limit another. But that leads to a weak government. Under the Articles, Congress had no military and no power to enforce the states of taxition. The Congress declined to levy tax and the power to regulate commerce. Because colonists afraid of a new government with too much power, which is similar with British. So both the Congress and the states had incurred debts for the Revolution War and how to pay National Debts became the most prominent issue in post-war time. According to Federal ists, the Articles were too weak and did not have a strong political and economical base for the new country.

   Based on the post-war darkening economic clouds, more and more colonists wanted to re-structure the government through the 1780s. Soon, Debtor's problems became the main factor of Shays' Rebellion. After the war, farmers in America needed a place to sell their products in the international trade, which is controlled by British. Congress was unable to protect manufacturing and shipping and the weak central government was not powerful to regulate trade, fight in the war when necessary, or especially build a financial system. Many American poor farmers were angery with debt and taxes and feared to be in the debtor's prisons caused by the failure to repay debts. So on August 29, 1786, Shays' Rebellion started in Massachusetts, which gave strong impetus to reevaluate the Articles of Confederation.
https://www.51lunwen.org/customEssay/   For that reason, in 1787, the Virginia delegation made a proposal the Virginia Plan, drafted by the delegate James Madison, to tinker with the Articles of Confederation. Virginia Plan is notable by its new form of national government having three branches---legislative, executive and judicial. And it set a idea of population-weighted representation in the National Legislature, which means the vote numbers of every state representative in the government by their population: more people equals more power.
 
In response to the Virginia Plan, the New Jersey Plan was proposed at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, as known as Philadelphia Convention, in summer 1787. The New Jersey Plan gave power to raise money by taxing foreign goods and to regulate trade. At the Philadelphia Convention, Madison's three-branch federal system was the basis of the U.S. C本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。