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作为一个功能相关的组表达式（Schourup1999），话语标记（以下简称DMS）在日常通信上被广泛运用。虽然在有关术语上仍会出现有没有达成共识问题，但是许多学者（Schiffrin——1987年；弗雷泽——1996年；布莱克莫尔——2002年；Liao-1992年;Ran2000年_LV2007年）已经在的DMS的基本特征上达成了共识：
As a functionally related group of expressions (Schourup 1999), discourse markers(henceforth DMs) are extensively used in daily communications. Although there is still noconsensus emerged regarding the terminology of DMs, many scholars (Schiffrin 1987;Fraser 1996; Blakemore 2002; Liao 1992; Ran 2000b; Lv 2007) have reached agreementabout some of the fundamental characteristics of DMs: they are used to relate utterances orother discourse units, their role in the sentences are operational since they do not affect thetruth-conditions of a sentence, and more often than not, they occur initially in a sentence tointroduce the discourse segment they mark. The following sentences containing DMs arelisted as examples to demonstrate the characteristics of DMs mentioned above:(1) a. I want to go to the movies. After all, it's my birthday.b. https://www.51lunwen.org/englishlinguistics/ I'm not going to live with you anymore, since I can't stand your cooking.c. Take a bath right away, because we have to get going.（Fraser 1999: 949）(2) I thought of families I had met who were struggling to get by without a loved one’sfull income, or whose loved ones had returned with a limb missing or nervesshattered, but still lacked long-term health benefits because they were reservists.（Leanne 2008: 9）As shown in those examples, the elusiveness of the meaning of DMs as well as theuniqueness in terms of their functions bring DMs into the forefront of pragmatic research,making them a subject of growing scholarly interest over the last two decades. Althoughtentative researches have been done to identify the properties of discourse markers, to whatextent the results of those researches can be applied is a problem awaiting further research.Therefore, many scholars (Fraser 1999; Schourup 1999; Ran 2000b) suggest that comparingdiscourse markers across languages is an issue which is of the most immediate importanceto be addressed.

　　
　　1.2 General Description of the Study研究的总体描述
　　By employing a corpus-based approach, the present study intends to present acontrastive study between English and Chinese by focusing the use of BUT and DAN(SHI),the reasons behind these similarities and differences will also be explored from anAdaptation-relevance perspective.To be specific, the present study intends to address the following questions:(1) How are BUT and DAN(SHI)①generally used in spoken and written texts?Where do they usually occur in a sentence? What do they often co-occur? Whatkind of semantic meanings do they convey when used in texts? What kind ofpragmatic functions do they play in different contexts?(2) What are the similarities and differences between the use of BUT and DAN(SHI)?Do they occur in the same place in a sentence? To what extent their semanticmeanings are similar or distinct from each other? Do they play similar or differentpragmatic functions?(3) Why are there similarities and differences between the use of BUT and DAN(SHI)?What are those factors influencing the use of BUT and DAN(SHI)? Are theylinguisti本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。