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will be even harder to completely conquer them because of theincreasing acquisition difficulty and cognitive burden, which is one of the reasons leading tothe difficulty of English article acquisition.
Whether the speaker and the hearer have the same knowledge and comprehension of thetopic being talked about or not is also one of the reasons leading to the difficulty of Englisharticle acquisition. Such point need to be judged by the speaker for making sure the referentialsubject is unknown or new information to the hearer. Another factor which would alsoinfluence the choice of articles is discourse, that is, whether the subject mentioned by thespeaker is a referential subject at a certain time and place or one at any time any where? Allthose factors will influence the choice of articles in language use, so the complexity has beenexpressed. Further, the choice of articles will also be affected by many more complicatedfactors. Some article use are based on customary which is hard to find rules and even runagainst rules of the general functions and semantics such as those before ranking adjectivesand proper nouns, or in some lexical phrases. On account of this, there even are some scholarsproposing pessimistic standpoints that it is impossible to acquire English articles byconsciously learning; meanwhile, English articles are not teachable. It’s sure that theconclusion whether English articles are learnable and teachable or not should not be peroratedso quickly, but, the view that they are too complicated and difficult to be learnt and taught hasbeen a common view of many experts and scholars. Thus, more and more researchers havethrown their attention on English articles acquisition, especially on English articlesacquisition by EFLs.

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 English article system
English article system takes forms of the definite article the, the indefinite a/an and thezero article φ, which have no means to occur on their own, but can have complicate semanticdefinition such as reference or non-reference, definite or non-definite, generic or non-generic,specific or non-specific when they are accompanied by nouns. The special semantic functionsand the complex relationship of form and meaning have attracted attention from researchers invarious research fields.As function words, English articles have no lexical meaning, and can not be usedindependently but could be used with nouns or other word classes taking effect as nouns toassist them in explaining their meanings. Belonging to closed word class, English articleshave only three members, but they are most frequently used. The definite article the is theresearch topic, so the indefinite article a/an and zero article Φ will not be discussed in thisthesis.Ma Xiaofeng (2002) had pointed that rooting in demonstrative pronouns in old English,the English definite article the is the weak form of this or that with a rather weak concept, andcould be used before singular count nouns, plural count nouns and noncounts. Having onlyone written form, the definite article has three ways of pronunciation: reading as [e ] beforethe words beginning with consonants, reading as [ei] before the words beginning with vowels,but reading as [ei:] when the words are particularly emphasized. Generally speaking, thedefinite article can be used before all kinds of nouns (except for most Proper nouns), and alsocan be used in collocation.

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