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ibutives areintroduced as below.Attributive is a kind of grammatical constituent to modify, define, and declarethese qualities and features of noun or pronoun which serves as head word. It mainlyconsists of adjective, noun, numeral, prepositional phrase, infinitive, particle, andclause. In English sentences, the distribution of attributives is flexible. They could belaid before head word or after head word. And these before head word are calledpre-attributives while these after head word are called post-attributives. There is awidely-agreed fact about the ordering of attributives in English sentences:pre-attributives always include determiners, adjectives, particles, and noun;post-attributives always include prepositional phrase, infinitive, particle whichfunctions as an intensifier, adjectives which derivates from verb and noun.Multiple attributives, as its name shows, mean more than one attributives in anominal phrase. According to above-mentioned rules, multiple attributives could becategorized in the following three types: multiple pre-attributives, multiplepost-attributives and multiple mix-attributives. That is to say, it involves a comparablyperplexed ordering problem.
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2.2The Studies on the Ordering of Multiple Attributives
This linguistic phenomenon has aroused wide interest among linguistics bothhome and abroad. They have studied this issue from various perspectives, such assyntactic, semantic, functional, contrastive, and tried to find how these rules govern theordering of multiple attributives in nominal construction. Some insightful thoughtshave been raised in the process of study. Syntactic approach focuses on the constituent order in the linear structure, andcategorization of phrases.One of representatives is Noam Chomsky. Chomsky (1965) paid more attention tothe syntactic structure and transformational rules of linguistic elements.He proposed X-bar theory to explain the structure of phrases. X represents thelowest level of phrase while the X’ represents a higher level of phrase. X could benoun, verb, or attributive. What appear before X are called modifiers or specifierswhile these words after X are called complements. For nominal phrase, noun is headword. Hence, pre-attributives could be called as modifiers. Nominal phrase with postattributive is more complicated. It could be divided into different types of phrasestructure, namely, attributive phrase, prepositional phrase, or nominal phrase.In addition to his view, some other approaches developed along this line, such asAP-based approach (Abney, 1987), the adjunction-based approach (Sproat&Shin,1988,1991;Berstein,1991,Specifers-based approach (Crisma,1990;Cinque,1994;Scott,1998), the LCA-based approach (Kayne,1994).
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Chapter Three Theoretical Framework ........ 21
3.1 Cognitive Perspective..... 22
3.1.1 Iconicity Principles....... 22
3.1.2 Economical principle.... 26
3.2 Pragmatic Perspective .... 28
3.2.1 Cooperative Principles........ 29
3.2.2 Cooperative Principles in the Linguistic Study ...... 31
3.3 Summary.... 32
Chapter Four A Cognitive Analysis of the Ordering of Multiple........ 34
4.1 Cognitive Explanations of the Ordering of Multiple Pre-attributives ....... 34
4.2 Cognitive Explanations of the Ordering of Multiple Mix-Attributives..... 40
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