ople’s work. Even if you cite someone else’s work only in order to disagree with it, you have made use of their intellectual property and you must acknowledge it.
• To help readers of your work follow how your argument was assembled and what your influences are – to help them form their own opinions on your work.
If you use someone else’s work without acknowledgement you risk facing charges of
plagiarism, which could damage your progress through University. This Guide is designed to
help you apply good practice in acknowledging and citing your sources.
How do I cite?
There are different styles of reference prescribed by various organisations. Details about a particular style will normally be set out in a style sheet or style manual: these cover things like how quotations should be set out within your text as well as how your references and bibliography should look.
The Robert Gordon University has approved the use of either the Harvard style or the Vancouver style for undergraduate use: check with your tutor or School which of these you should use in your
assignments. Whichever style your School requires should be applied consistently throughout your academic work.
This Guide is based on the Harvard style as set out in British Standard recommendations for references to published materials (BS 1629) – see the “Further Information” section for details.
A guide to the Vancouver style is also available from the Library.
Common to all st yles is th e us e of reference cit ati ons and of a reference list and/or bibliogr aphy
Reference citations give information on other sources used in your text, at the point at which you use them. In the Harvard system, the reference citation consists of a note, in brackets, of the author’s name and the date of the work, which enables the reader to find the full details in the reference list at the end. If you are quoting directly from your source the reference will usually indicate the precise place to which you are referring (e.g. the page number).
The description of Glover’s education (McKay 1993) is based on several sources...
In the reference list, all the sources you have cited (except personal communications) are listed in alphabetical order by author, and if there is more than one item by a particular author they are listed in order of year of publication. A separate bibliography, which would include items you have consulted but not cited in the text, is not required in the Harvard style.
MCKAY, A., 1993. Scottish samurai - Thomas Blake Glover. Edinburgh: Canongate.
RGU: LIBRARY 3
WHEN TO CITE?
Every time you quote directly from someone’s work:
• make clear it’s a quotation (put it in quotation marks)
• cite the reference in the body of your text
• include the work it comes from in the reference list/bibliography.
Every time you refer indirectly to someone’s work (e.g. summarise their argument, or paraphrase
what they say):
• make clear what you’re saying comes from another source (e.g. “I do not agree with Lapping’s claim that...”)
• cite the reference in the body of your text
• include the work it comes from in the reference list/bibliography.
IMPORTANT NOTE: you should not rely too heavily on quotation and paraphrase of others’ work
in work of your own. Readers of your work will be looking for evidence of your own thoughts and conclusions, and your own answers to the questions set
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