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ns had already been reinforced. By then, the pope, not wanting to help Charles Albert confront a major Catholic power, withdrew his forces from battle. Another problem that arose was the divisions caused by the flocking of the Lombard and the Sicilian army into Charles Albert's army. All this added together led to Charles Albert's defeat at the battle of Custozza. (ref. H.O. #2 p. 127)

Now, the revolution went through its turning point. The revolutionary forces were starting to lose their struggle.

By August, the Austrian army marched back into Milan, and recaptured all of Lombardy. Charles Albert attempted a comeback, and invaded Lombardy, but was once again defeated by the superior Austrian army. Now, defeated and disappointed, Charles Albert abdicated in favor of his son, Victor Emmanuel 2nd. (ref. H.O. #2 p. 127-28).

Meanwhile, the revolution In Kingdom of two Sicilies was too suppresses after Sicilians had to surrender due to Ferdinand bombing the villagers into massacre.
By now, all revolts were suppressed apart for two. Venice and Papal States. (ref. H.O. #2 p. 128).

On February 1849, the pope fled to the safety of King Ferdinand after his prime minister was assassinated, due to him refusing to grant any further concessions. (ref. H.O. #2 p. 128).

Now, after Rome was under the control of a liberalist force, Mazzini took the task of leadership, and declared Rome a Republic, with Garibaldi, joining troops with him and becoming the head of defense army.

Unfortunately, Louis Napoleon decided to march an army into Rome and recapture it from Mazzini. After overcoming a heroic resistance put up by Garibaldi, The French army, heavily outnumbering Rome's defense army, recaptured Rome. Mazzini was forced to flee along with garibaldi. The French restored the pope into Rome and remained to protect it for the next 21 years. (ref. H.O. #2 p. 129)

The only thing left to do to end the revolution was to defeat Manin's Republic. This was easily achieved after he willingly surrendered after Venice endured a long siege in which diseases roamed through its people. (ref. H.O. #2 p. 129).

Now, the revolution came to an end. Although having a good start, and adequate forces, it stilled lacked of good conduction, and a unified idea of what should be done.
Now that the French intervened, the task for unification was even tougher. There was also needed a single ideal under which to unify Italy, Whether to establish a Democratic Republic (as Mazzini wished), a monarchy (as Charles Albert wished), or a Federation (as pope's supporters wished). But all were in favor of one idea: Unification.

1858- 1870 Unification Two great people came forward in the 1858 - 1870 revolution. Garibaldi and Cavour. Both associated with the new king of Piedmont Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel 2nd, but it was Cavour who played a role first in the unification of Italy.
Like all people, Cavour also wanted a unified Italy. He also wanted to industrialize Piedmont Sardinia like he's seen in Britain. He founded the newspaper 'Il Risorgimento' in 1847. The newspaper made the Piedmontese aware of Nationalist and democratic ideals. By 1850 he became a minister in Victor Emmanuel's parliament, and in 1852, a Prime Minister.

Cavour increased Piedmontes