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动机与理解人类行为方式的原因有关系，据说这是心理学研究，关注的是解释一切形式的人类行为（戈尔曼，2004）。动机是心理学中的一个非常重要的方面，它试图解释为什么人类或动物以一种特定的方式行为（戴维，1995）。动机研究与人类心理和行为模式的研究有关，这就是试图去解释为什么，也就是我们采取行为的原因是什么。

米切尔（1982）认为，动机这个词是指促使个人觉醒并以目标导向为方向，自主行为，持之以恒的心理过程。这是一个心理过程，由个人和环境之间的相应的相互作用所导致，将会影响一个人的选择，努力和持久性（加里和克里斯托弗顿，2006）。

动机尝试着解释“为什么”的行为（戈尔曼，2004）。当我们问到为什么一个人或动物的行为是在以一个特定的方式，我们基本上是问动机（麦克，1996）。动机一般都是关系到实现特定目标的需要。它关注的是目标导向的行为。

The factors that affect employee motivation

Motivation has to do with the understanding of the reasons why human beings act the way they do. It is said to be the study of psychology and is concerned with explaining all forms of human behaviours (Phil Gorman, 2004). Motivation is a very important aspect of psychology that tries to explain why humans or animals act in a certain manner (David A.H, 1995). Motivation studies have to do with the study of the Human psychology and behavioural patterns, it is an attempt to explain why and what the reasons are for actions we take.

Mitchell (1982) suggests that the term motivation represents those psychological process that cause the awakening, direction and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal oriented. It is a psychological process resulting from the corresponding interaction between the individual and the environment that affects a person's choices, effort and persistence (Gary P. L and Christopher T, 2006).

Motivation seeks to explain the 'why' of behaviour (Phil Gorman, 2004). When we ask why a person or animal behaves in a particular manner, we are essentially asking about motivation (Mook, 1996). Motivation has generally been related to the need to achieve specific goals. It is concerned with goal-directed behaviours that pushes us towards certain actions and not others and is also the complex process that moves individuals towards some goals (Phil Gorman, 2004). Robbins (1993) defined motivation as the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organisational goals, conditioned by the efforts and ability to satisfy some personal needs.

According to David A. H (1995), Motivation examines two aspects of behaviour; the direction of behaviour - those concerned with the influences which cause specific actions in humans and the intensity of behaviour - concerned with the strength of behaviour. It is concerned with what causes specific actions, the reasons for actions we undertake and what determines the intensity of such action. Two individuals could be motivated towards a specific goal, say passing an exam. They will both be motivated to read, but the degree or intensity of motivation will usually not be the same for both individuals.

Motivation studies are undertaken in order to explain the onset, the direction,

the intensity and the persistence of behaviour directed towards the attainment of one or more goals or objectives (Mark R. Z ,2006).

So many authors have written and established various motivation theories. The following chapters in this review will discuss on the various motivation theories and contributions of renowned writers in the field of motivation studies.

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