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摘要：目前，全球化经济的不断发展对科技创新提出了更高的要求，很多企业为了本文是关于绿色供应链（green supply chain）英国留学生论文。为适应时代的发展要求，我们需要不断改进生产技术，提高经营管理，以提企业的竞争力，促进企业的良性发展。本文通过绿色供应链的概念的提出，分析绿色供应链的存在价值和应用必要性，探索绿色供应链应用恰当所带来的运营效益和社会效益。

strong>II Literature review

Definition

Green supply chain management

Several studies have considered the concept of ecological sustainability as a framework for studying management practices in both operational and strategic contexts (Sarkis and Rasheed, 1995; Klassen and McLaughlin, 1996; King and Lenox, 2001). As part of this effort, other studies have examined the greening of supply chains within various contexts including in product design (Allenby, 1993; Gupta, 1995), process design (Porter and Van der Linde, 1995a; Klassen and McLaughlin, 1996), manufacturing practices (Winsemius and Guntram, 1992), purchasing (Handfield et al., 2002) and a broad mixture of these elements (Bowen et al., 2001a).

It is not surprising that GSCM finds its definition in supply chain management.

Adding the “green” component to supply chain management involves addressing the influence and relationships of supply chain management to the natural environment.

Motivated by an environmentally-conscious mindset, it can also stem from a competitiveness motive within organizations.

In this paper GSCM is defined as:

Green Supply Chain Management GSCM

= Green Purchasing + Green Manufacturing/Materials Management

+ Green Distribution=Marketing + Reverse Logistics

Figure 1 shows this GSCM equation graphically, where reverse logistics “closes the loop” of a typical forward supply chain and includes reuse, remanufacturing, and/or recycling of materials into new materials or other products with value in the marketplace. The idea is to eliminate or minimize waste (energy, emissions, chemical/hazardous, solid wastes).

This figure is representative of a single organization’s internal supply chain, its major operational elements and the linkage to external organizations. A number of environmentally conscious practices are evident throughout the supply chain ranging from green design (marketing and engineering), green procurement practices (e.g. certifying suppliers, purchasing environmentally sound materials/products), total quality environmental management (internal performance measurement, pollution prevention), environmentally friendly packaging and transportation, to the various product end-of-life practices defined by the “Re’s” of reduction, reuse, remanufacturing, recycling. Expanding this figure, a number of organizational relationships could be found at various stages of thismodel, including customers and their chains, as well as suppliers and their chains, forming webs of relationships.

1. GSCM graph

The development of industrial ecosystems would be greatly supported by GSCM practices. Korhonen and Niutanen (2003) in their study of material and energy flows in the local forest industry in Finland suggested these flows were comparable to other economic and industrial systems. In the last two decades, the product-based systems perspective and the geographically defined local-regional industrial ecosystem have Porter (1991) argues the pressure to innovate from an environmental perspective comes from regulatory pressure, as 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。