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we might conclude that possessing masculine traits would predict a healthier life than possessing feminine attributes. Previous research on conversational behaviour reported that persons with a masculine gender identity were more likely to use overlaps and interruptions in conversation and to use challenging statements in conversations than were persons possessing feminine attributes. Masculinity was, thus, more associated with dominant and assertive speech patterns in interaction (Spencer and Drass, 1989).

是否有性别差异的自尊和生活满意度的领域-男性比女性满意生活？-Would there be gender differences in the domain of self-esteem and life satisfaction- are males better satisfied with life than are females?

Harter (1999) suggested that low self-esteem was mostly associated to females and males were more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem. The study revealed a significant and positive correlation between self-esteem and life satisfaction for females, but for males no significant relationship was found between the two variables. Hence, females had high levels of life satisfaction when their level of self-esteem was high and low levels of self-esteem when the level of life satisfaction was low. Can it be assumed that women are happier than men?

To support such an assumption, a survey found that Indian women were significantly more satisfied with their lives than men (Ganjoo, 2003). It was found that this was also the case in Japan, Pakistan and Argentina. It was mainly attributed to their personal progress in the recent last years, although not much optimism about their future was reported, contrary to men who reported much optimism in relation to their personal advancement.

The findings also suggest that no significant difference was found between the mean scores of males and females on measures of self-esteem and life satisfaction. It cannot be said, with evidence, that one gender (male or female) could actually be happier and more psychologically composed than the other. One limitation to this study, however, is that the questionnaire used does not investigate individual life experiences. Such experiences might have explained why the findings are so varied and the causes that led the participants to distribute high or low self-esteem among themselves- for example, individual success in studies and friendship networks. As we get older, peer influence and academic success or failure can play an important role in how we come to view ourselves and how we could possibly shape our personality (Finley, 2005). Finley also contends that self-esteem can affect individuals depending on many factors such as family factors (how family members can strengthen or impede the construction of self-esteem among the family unit), settings and situations.

自尊能有效地预测生活满意度与性别作为一个调解人？-Could self-esteem effectively predict life satisfaction with gender serving as a moderator?

It was also proposed earlier that self-esteem could be seen as a strong predictor of life satisfaction (Diener, 1984). Consistent with this, the findings reported a positive correlation between self-esteem and life satisfaction. Hence, we can say that self-esteem is a predictor of self-esteem. Individuals scoring high on the self-esteem (i.e. low level of self-esteem) measure also scored high on the life satisfaction measure (i.e. low level of life satisfaction), and those who scored low on s