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around 9% compared with the average of 30% for sub- Saharan Africa .This indicates because of aggressive branch expansion of stated owned banks, especially CBE, the credit share of the private sector has been declined in recent years compared with the year 2004. According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2011/12, Ethiopia ranked 125 out of 142 countries with respect to financial-market development. But after liberalization, the general trend that private banks are easily spread up quickly with the public ones is a hopeful phenomenon which shows the improvement of financial sector development in Ethiopia. After liberalization, the available evidences clearly show that the share of the private banks both in deposit mobilization and lending could increase significantly (Alemayehu, 2003).

7. Conclusion and recommendation

Conclusion

The financial system of Ethiopia is underdeveloped with the domination of banking sector. Due to the nature of financial sector, the key elements of financial openness which includes domestic market competition, foreign ownership, and limited capital controls are lacking in Ethiopia.

The private credit to GDP ratio which is one of financial development indicator was around 9% compared with the average of 30% for sub- Saharan Africa. Gross domestic saving rate is only 3.6 percent, the lowest in East Africa. This implies that much of the population does not have ready access to banking services, and it may also be the case that the infrastructure for banking in rural areas is especially poor.

Treasury bills market is the only regular market where securities are transacted on a fortnightly basis which indicates that the lowest level of financial market development of the country. According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2011/12, Ethiopia ranked 125 out of 142 countries with respect to financial-market development.

After liberalization, the general trend that private banks are easily spread up quickly with the public ones is a hopeful phenomenon which shows the improvement of financial sector development in Ethiopia. After liberalization, the available evidences clearly show that the share of the private banks both in deposit mobilization and lending could increase significantly. It is also worth noting that the share of credit extended to the private sector has jumped from in the recent past the public sector’s share declining. This is a clear demonstration of the impact of the liberalization scheme pursued by the government.

Ethiopian government and policy makers strongly refused to open the financial sector for foreign investors. They believed that liberalization may result in loss of control over the economy and may not be economically beneficial. Since the NBE is not in its potential to control the well organized, equipped and financially strong foreign banks, permitting foreign investors to invest in the financial sector may leads to economic crises. In addition, they believed that the Ethiopia financial sector is too young to compete with foreign banks i.e. the domestic sector will be out of game and the foreign one completely control the financial system of the country.

Recommendation

The government of Ethiopia continues to prohibit the entry of foreign-owned intermediaries, to minimize the perceived macroeconomic risks a