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. We believe that awareness already exists and this report may be the first step to U-I Collaboration, assuming legislation for industry and academia. The major findings of our project focus on the importance of Intellectual Property Rights for the development of U-I relation; how these were recognized and implemented by different nations; and what can be done in case of Pakistan.

For those who want to continue with the research we would like to provide certain guidelines, in our research we have specifically focused upon the different kinds of legislations and the institutions that were developed by different countries of the world in order for academia industry collaboration, where as in case of Pakistan we have just mentioned the legislations and the institutions that our government can develop for the collaboration of academia and industry, but we have not mentioned the different issues that will arise with the creation of these legislations and institutions in Pakistani scenario. So we believe that this is an area where further research can be conducted where the researcher would specifically go to the academia as well as industry to find out from them what can be the probable issues that may arise if such legislations have to be made and then at the end of his research he can propose his own suggestions.

During our research we also found out that there were certain private universities in Pakistan that were collaborating with the industry on their own efforts as there is no legislation for this in Pakistan so far, and the biggest example for this is Suleman Dawood School of Business. So it is obvious that such private actions would have faced certain problems which can be explored with further research, and it can be advised through research how to overcome them.

Since our research is based upon the macro level actions that can be taken by the government, we have proposed in our suggestions about the creation of Technology Transfer Offices in Pakistan to commercialize the research for public good, but what mechanism specifically can be followed in order to successfully establish TTO’s needs to be further researched, we have seen that in the developed countries that such TTOs are funded by the government, so research can be conducted that if such mechanism is to be developed than how much the government should support, for these TTOs to work efficiently and what should be the future course of actions for these TTOs in Pakistani scenario, there is an immense room to conduct research in this area.

When we were analyzing the developed countries, we came to know that to encourage research they have not only developed a mechanism for the protection of IP, but they also support the researchers by letting them have a specific percentage of the income that comes with the commercialization of their research and this is a very encouraging phenomena for researchers, so we believe that this can also be done in case of Pakistan as well, and therefore this is another area which requires further research about the procedures that can be made to compensate the researchers.

APPENDIX

Appendix A

Bayh-Dole Act,

Bayh-Dole Act is the legal framework for transfer of university generated, federally funded inventions to the commercial market place. The Bayh-Dole created the mechanisms to allow the private sector investors to decide which