英语论文网

Is language, as food, a basic human need? Judging __1__
from the drastic experiment of Frederick in the
13th century it may be. Hoping to discover what
language a child would speak if he heard mother __2__
tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
Today no such drastic deprivation exists as ordered __3__
by Frederick. Furthermore, some children are still __4__
backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that themother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to
mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily. Ifthese sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for
acquiring skills passes away and they might never be __5__
learned so easily again.
Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age.But there are cases where speech has started late in a child
who eventually turns up to be of high IQ. Recent __6__
evidence suggests that an infant is born of the __7__
capacity to speak. But speech has to be triggered,
and this depends on interaction between the mother
and the child,where the mother realizes the cues and __8__
signals in the child's babbling, grasping, crying,
smiling, and responds to it. Insensitivity of the __9__
mother to these signals dulls the interation because
the child gets discouraged and sends out only obvious
signals. Sensitivity to the child's verbal cues is __10__
essential to the growth and development of language.

答案及解析(反白可见):
1.as--like
作为介词，as是“作为”的意思；like是“像……一样”的意思。as用在此处显然句意不通。
2.^mother--no
根据下文提到的he told the nurses to keep silent 可以判断出，此处应该为if he heard no mothertongue，即：如果听不到母语，孩子会讲什么语言。
3.as^--that
句中的as是一个介词，后面缺少宾语，后面添加的that替代the deprivation，而ordered byFrederick 是一个过去分词短语，做定语修饰that。
4..Furthermore--Neverthless/However
Furthermore表示的是递进关系，而这一句话与前一句话明显构成的是转折关系。
5.away--动词pass是指“经过，通过，流逝”，而pass away是指“去世，死亡”，用在此处不和文意。
6.up--out
短语turn up的意思是“出现，找到”，而turn out 的意思是“结果证明是……”，这句话的意思是说：有些情况是说话比较迟的孩子，最终却被证明智商很高。
7.of--with
be born with...意思是“与生俱来的...”是一固定短语搭配。
8.realizes--recognizes
realize意思是“认识到，了解”，recognize的意思是“识别，认可”，可见recognize符合文章意思：语言需要激发，而这取决于母亲和孩子之间的互动，在互动当中，母亲识别孩子的牙牙学语声和笑声哭声中的暗示和信号。
9.it--them
此处指代的词是cues and signals，所以，代词应该用复数形式them。
10.verbal--nonverbal
根据上文判断，babbling，prasping，crying，smiling均为非言语信号，所以是nonverbal。