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rom tariff cuts in agriculture and NAMA and the revenue equivalent of concessions on nontariff barriers (NTBs), namely agricultural tariff quotas, domestic support, and export subsidies. Using this metric, concessions received are expressed in terms of tariff s and tariff equivalent costs not paid by exporting countries. Concessions given are expressed in terms of tariff s and tariff -equivalent barriers forgone by importing countries.

 

Trade gains: This metric indicates the increased trade that results from the tariff cuts and tariff equivalent of concessions on NTBs calculated in the reciprocity measure. Trade gains are separately stated for exports and imports.

 

GDP gains: This metric builds on the calculated trade gains by applying a GDP coeffi cient to increased exports and imports. It is important to remember that large exports and imports both contribute to higher GDP through lower consumer prices, more variety, greater productivity, and improved allocation of resources (Bradford, Grieco, and Hufbauer 2005).

 

Are they any beneficiaries to Doha round not concluding?

 

Many developing country negotiators claim that the potential benefits of the Doha Round were relatively small while the potential costs in terms of a loss of sovereignty to deploy effective development policies were significant. This paper argues that developing countries took a respite from the negotiations because the possible gains from market access were not large enough to trade for giving up domestic policy space for development policy. EU and US can make more money if unsuccessful

 

A failure scenario is especially worrisome given the frailty of the global recovery from the financial and economic crisis and the possibility that a double dip recession will deliver prolonged high unemployment, resulting in pressures for more protection. Aware of this possibility, leaders of the Group of 8 (G-8) and the Group of 5 (G-5) at the G-8 Summit in July 2009 committed to concluding the Doha Round in 2010, citing a successful Round as one means of reviving the global economy.1 A few weeks later, member countries of the Asia Pacifi c Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum also pledged to complete the Round by that deadline.

 

If the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations fails, the biggest losers will be developing countries

 

The Doha Round, begun eight years ago and still mired in negotiation, was criticised on Tuesday as inadequate to address the world's current challenges ranging from market failures to global warming.

 

A report released on the second day of the World Trade Organisation's ministerial meeting in Geneva also said poor countries stand to gain little from 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。