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xplore there. The governors of England encouraged foreign expansion as a way of easing religious disputes and economic distress in England. So generally the colonists could be divided into two kinds. One was those who migrated to the New World to seek for religious freedom, and the other one was those who dreamed of becoming wealthy. The first kind of English colonists established colonies such as Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Rhode Island Colony, New Hampshire Colony, Pennsylvania and New England and so on. The founders of these colonies moved to the North America to escape religious persecution. They established new communities based on their own ideas without any religious press, such as the Pilgrims. In 1620, a group of Puritans and some other people, 102 in all left England for the New World on the ship of Mayflower. On November 21, they Mayflower landed and then found Plymouth colony.[1](P261) They marked a new epoch in the history. Many colonies were established to be religious independent. People there had freedom of religion and did not need to conform to the Church of England. Their seeking for freedom of religion was the rudiment of American worship of freedom. These Puritans suffered from terrible hardships when they explored the colonies. So in the process of their subsistence, they formed characters of being brave and hardworking. On the 4th Thursday in November, people celebrated Thanksgiving Day with a feast to thank God for his protection. Most of puritans migrating to the North America were wealthy and well-educated. And Puritanism required all of its followers to read and study the Bible. So puritans placed great importance on Education and founded the most famous college of the world- Harvard College in 1636. New England has been regarded as the stronghold of the mainstream culture and the cradle of American democracy. The New Englanders mostly belong to the puritan group in religion. Their values include the belief in hard work, thriftiness and accumulation of wealth, self-government of America, which were to be further developed by the frontiersmen during Americans territorial expansion. The other kind of colonists went to the New World on the purpose of plundering the Indian gold and jewelry. They sought for jewelry with their golden dream, but they just got desperation. They got strong resistance from the Indians, so they had explored by themselves to accumulate wealth. They began to introduce technologies of agriculture, industry and commerce by growing corn, and then they started to plant tobacco and cotton to make money. They became the early plantation advocates. And they need labors to work for them, so a large number of indentured servants and black slaves migrated to the New World. 3. The Germans and the Irishmen A Few Germans and Northern Irish men immigrated to the North America to escape religious persecution. They belonged to American national minorities. They pushed the migrant flood to a high point later. Also they played an important part in American Europeanization. All these immigrants were the inhabitants of the 13 colonies. Gradually, they formed a common national consciousness .They wanted to develop their own industry and business. And because of their past experience, they wanted to be independent strongly. So, when the English government took further steps to strengthen its control over the 13 American colonies, the colonies united together to struggle against the Eng