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c market, but als o serveas theirmanufacturing bases forworldwide distributi on .Gl obalizati on is p ri marily reflected in the foll owing three as2pects . 
   Gl obalizati on of the Economy . Advances in communicati on andtrans portati on technol ogy, combined with free - market ideol ogy,have given goods, services, and cap ital unp recedented mobility . I n2dustrialized countrieswant t o open world markets t o their goods andtake advantage of the abundant, l ow - cost labor in devel op ing coun2tries . They use internati onal financial instituti ons and regi onal tradeagreements t o compel poor countries t o“integrate”by reducing tar2iffs, p rivatizing state enter p rises, and relaxing environmental and la2bor standards . The results have enlarged p r ofits for invest ors but of2fered p ittances t o laborers, p r ovoking a strong backlash fr om civils ociety .     Gl obalizati on of Politics . Traditi onally politics has been under2taken within nati onal political systems . Nati onal governments havebeen ulti mately res ponsible for maintaining the security and eco2nomic welfare of their citizens, as well as the p r otecti on of humanrights and the environmentwithin their borders . With gl obal ecol ogi2cal changes, an ever more integrated gl obal economy, and othergl obal trends, political activity increasingly takes p lace at the gl oballevel . Under gl obalizati on, politics can take p lace above the statethr ough political integrati on schemes such as the Eur opean Uni on(EU) , and thr ough intergovernmental organizati ons such as the I n2ternati onalMonetary Fund ( I MF) , theWorld Bank (WB) and theWorld Trade Organizati on (WT O) . Political activity can also tran2scend nati onal boundaries thr ough gl obalmovements and non - gov2ernmental organizati ons (NG Os) . Civil society organizati ons actgl obally by forming allianceswith organizati ons in other countries, u2sing gl obal communicati ons systems, and l obbying internati onal or2ganizati ons and other act ors directly, instead of working thr oughtheir nati onal governments .     Gl obalizati on of Culture . Technol ogy has now created the possi2bility and even the likelihood of a gl obal culture . The I nternet, faxmachines, satellites, and cable T V are s weep ing away culturalboundaries . Gl obal entertainment companies shape the percep ti onsand dreams of ordinary citizens, wherever they live . This s p read ofvalues, norms, and culture tends t o p r omoteWestern ideals of cap i2talism. Will l ocal cultures inevitably fall victi m t o this gl obal“con2sumer”culture? Or, on the contrary,will a common culture lead theway t o greater shared values and political unity? These are questi onswhose i mpacts are far - reaching, butwhich only ti me can ans wer .Engl ish a s a Med ium of I n tercultura l Commun i ca ti onThe role of English as amedium of intercultural communicati onis well established . According t o different esti mates, t oday 330 t o450 milli on peop le use it as their native t ongue, 235 t o 350 milli onas a second (official) language, and 100 t o 1, 000 milli on study itas a foreign language . It is als o esti mated that fr om 1 . 2 t o 1 . 5 bil2li on peop le, which constitutes al most a quarter of all humankind,have s ome command of English . It is used as a working language in85 percent of internati onal organizati ons ; up t o 88 percent ofscholarly literature is published in English; the writers本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。