英语论文网

akeholders in tourism development planning,they must be identifi ed and their interests and
needs understood. Traditionally, stakeholdershave been identifi ed in a community based ongeographic ( Cottrell, 2001 ; Davis and Morais,
2004 ; Murphy, 1983 ), demographic ( De Lopez,
2001 ; Hassan, 2000 ; Ryan, 2002 ), and sociographic
characteristics ( Mathieson and Wall,
1982 ; Murphy, 1985 ). Planners identify groupsbased on characteristics and then develop andimplement strategies to include the different
groups in the planning process. There areinherent biases to these approaches that limittheir usefulness. The major bias is that planners
make subjective judgments on who and whatgroups are included to represent stakeholders.The purpose of this research paper is to usedecision tree analysis in the identifi cation ofstakeholders in a community. Decision treeanalysis is a tool for partitioning a data set basedon the relationships between a set of independent
variables and a dependent variable. Theresearch reported here tests the application of,decision tree analysis, an analytical technique
that is not traditionally used to identify stakeholders,but has been used in healthcare, market
analysis, credit scoring, and policy studies.
STAKEHOLDERS AND TOURISM
Stakeholder involvement in policy development
is associated with the early ideas of community
participation and public involvement that are
central to basic democratic beliefs ( Fiorino,
1990 ), as well as modern business management
concepts. There is a substantial literature on
stakeholders and stakeholder involvement in
both business management ( Clarkson, 1995 ;
Donaldson and Preston, 1995 ; Freeman, 1984 ;
Johnson and Scholes, 1999 ; Jones, 1995 ; Stoney
and Winstanley, 2001 ) which focuses on the
management and power of the stakeholder, and
public administration ( Ansari and Phillips, 2001 ;
Arnstein, 1969 ; Beierle, 1998 ; Carmin et al .,
2003 ; Carter and Darlow, 1997 ; Crosby et al .,
1986 ; Curry, 2001 ; Fiorino, 1990 ; Simrell et al .,
1998 ; Steelman, 2001 ) which focuses on the
right a stakeholder has to be involved no mater
their level of power.
Researching stakeholder groups and the
signifi cance of their interests has also been a
reoccurring theme in the tourism literature
( Allen et al ., 1993 ; Andereck and Vogt, 2000 ;
Davis and Morais, 2004 ; De Lopez, 2001 ; Gunn,
1994 ; Markwick, 2000 ; Murphy, 1983 ; Ryan,
2002 ; Robson and Robson, 1996 ; Vincent and
Thompson, 2002 ; Yuksel et al ., 1999 ). Current
tourism concepts about stakeholders and their
role in tourism development are built on the
business management and public administration
literature. In general, there are four major stakeholder
perspectives identifi ed in tourism. These
perspectives are the tourist, the residents, the business
owners, and the local governmental offi cials
( Goeldner and Ritchie, 2002 ). In previous
research ( Allen et al ., 1993 ; Murphy, 1983 ; Pizam,
1978 ; Lankford, 1994 ), these perspectives were
used to categorise different groups involved in
the tourism development process. Much of the
research investigating the complex relationship
between stakeholders and tourism has focused
on individual stakeholder groups; residents, visitors,
business owners, or govern ment offi cials; and
their perceptions and attitudes ( Andereck and本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。