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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:课程作业 Coursework登出时间:2014-06-08编辑:lzm点击率:4064
论文字数:2020论文编号:org201406070004028325语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:英语课程作业Analysis of DataResearch Methods and StatisticsQuantitative MethodsManagement and Finance
摘要:Calculatethe test statistic and compare with the critical value. Also calculate theprobability of obtaining the sample value. Reject the null hypothesis if thesample value is outside the critical range or single value if it is a one-sidedtest.
Summary
The stages that need to be gone through in order to testhypotheses such as those above is as follows.
Definethe population about which inferences are to be made. This acts as a basis fromwhich to obtain a sample. The results will only apply to this population.
Decidehow to obtain a representative sample from the population. Decide the sample sizerequired and whether the sample can be stratified to make it more accurate.There is a large amount of literature available to help with sampling.
Setup null and alternative hypotheses giving particular attention to whether thealternative should be one or two sided.
Decideon the significance level before calculating the test statistic. This isusually 0.05 but sometimes 0.01. To be objective the value must be set beforecarrying out the analysis.
Choosethe testing method. Particular emphasis should be placed on the assumptionsthat the rest requires, particularly the assumption of normality which isneeded for tests like t tests. The pros and cons of the various alternativesshould be weighed up. This often boils down to power versus robustness.
Checknormality and linearity where appropriate by drawing graphs like QQ andhistograms for normality and scatter graphs for exploring relationships.
Calculatethe test statistic and compare with the critical value. Also calculate theprobability of obtaining the sample value. Reject the null hypothesis if thesample value is outside the critical range or single value if it is a one-sidedtest.
Beaware of the possibility of a Type II error which is accepting the nullhypothesis when it is in fact false.
References
Bland, J.Martin (2000) An Introduction to MedicalStatistics 3rd Edition Oxford. Oxford Medical Publications.
Curwin, Jon and Slater, Roger (2001) QuantitativeMethods for Business Decisions
London, Thomson Learning
Coolican, Hugh (1990) Research Methods and Statistics inPsychology London, Hodder and Stoughton
Swift, Louise (2001) Quantitative Methods for Business,Management and Finance, Basingstoke, Palgrave