国际政治研究 [3]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2016-04-04编辑:cari2点击率:5442
论文字数:1980论文编号:org201603302147169359语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:International GeopoliticsNatural Resources美国与中国超级大国东亚地区
摘要:美国一直密切关注中国,调整政策,以确保它不会失去其作为世界上唯一的超级大国的地位。由于中国是一个新兴的大国,它不仅聚集了东亚地区的关注,同时世界其他地区也正在向他靠近。
relationship. China sees Africa as the oil trade partner and this affects for political and economic sector (China Briefing 2011).
Africa is regarded as a rich country in natural resources, especially in crude oil. China's economic dealings with most African countries are based on an evaluation of their perceived commercial potential. China's rapid increasing oil requirements propelled Sino-African trade relation in recent years. China sees Africa as playing a critical role in the future world politics (Wiig 2011). China also sees Africa as to their advantage as it is stated that China and Africa share identical or similar opinions on many major international affairs as well as common interests. China has sought to diversify while expanding its overseas energy resources area like Russia, Caspian Sea, Venezuela, Africa and South China Sea (Large 2008). Due to the lack of pipeline infrastructure in Russia, the landlocked position of the Caspian Sea, the transportation and refinery cost of Venezuelan oil, and the territorial conflicts over the South China Sea, Africa is the most appropriate partner for China. Secondly, African petroleum is light in nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur compounds and heavy-metal contaminants, which perfectly match China's low refining capacity. Lastly, compared with Middle East, the influence of US and other Western countries remains low in Africa because Western pressure for human rights, transparency and accountability are not welcomed by local regimes. In other words, Africa is politically close to China, which also has a poor reputation for human rights abuse and corruption (Taylor 2006).
Sudan is one of the largest countries in the world. Sudan has proven oil reserves of 6.4 billion barrels, 32 times more than it was estimated in 1981. Oil in Sudan accounts for 92.6 percent of the country's export revenues and with most of its producing oil-fields located in the South of the country, oil is the main industry. Sudan's oil industry has been supervised poorly and politically. Oil is principal factor in Sudanese politics (China Briefing 2011). It is the government's main source of income and the oil industry is driving economic growth. Sudan is Africa's fifth largest country when it comes to foreign direct investment by Asian countries. Sudan's three biggest investors are China, Malaysia and India. China investment in Sudan is more than USD 6billion, predominantly in the oil industry. Sudan is providing China with 7~8 percent of its energy imports (Wiig 2011). China has obstructed efforts by the US and Europe to impose UN economic sanctions and an arms embargo on Sudan because of the crimes against humanity. China is Sudan's largest investor, with an investment estimated at USD 4 billion. Apart from the governance and human rights issues, Beijing's weapons exporting policy and its involvement in Sudan's long-running civil war have been particularly criticised (Hong 2007). It should be noted that China is the major arms exporting power country that has not entered into any multilateral agreement setting out principles, such as respect for human rights, to guide arms export licensing decision. Ultimately, Chinese foreign policy in Africa is based on economic and strategic considerations. Chinese expansion into Africa is a natural extension of China's opening up to the world and its pursuit of capitalism (China Briefing 2011). However, it must be cautioned that Beijing is an actor in Africa that provides
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