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ectations, admitted head coachHuangYubin“In 2004,we won only one gold meda,l which is not that bad compared tosome others, but it’s still described as‘AthensWaterloo’inChina, and our performancewas considered a complete failure”•(China Daily)
2　利用传统的修辞格
传统修辞学着重研究提高表达效果的修辞格。实际上,一些传统的修辞格如委婉、明喻、暗喻、拟人等,它们所表达的意义都具有模糊性。因此,它们也是构成模糊修辞的手段。
1)委婉
在各种不同的文化中,人们总对某些事物或观念尽量避而不谈,即使语言中有此类事物或观念的表达。人们会尽量地使用不那么令人不愉快的表达来进行替换,这就是委婉。在OxfordAdvanced Learner’sDictionary ofCurrentEnglish中,委婉(euphemism)被定义为“use of other, usu•Less exact butmilder or less blunt,words or phrases in place ofwords by truthor accuracy”。这恰恰说明了委婉这种传统的修辞格可以构成模糊修辞,并且这种模糊修辞在英语体育新闻中十分常见。例如:TheNew England Patriots’bid to win three straight SuperBowls came to an end as they were beaten 27-13 by the DenverBroncos in their AFC divisional showdown•The Patriots couldfind no answer to Denver’s strong defense and they were pun-ished for a series of fumbles and interceptions that led them awayfrom victory•(Sky Sports)在上例新闻中,作者通过使用“lead sb•away from victo-ry”避免了直接使用“failure”或者“defeat”等字眼,这就是典型的委婉语,其构成的模糊修辞也很好地体现了作者的意图,提高了该新闻的表达效果。
2)明喻
明喻也是给体育新闻增加了独特韵味的传统修辞格。例如:Soccer game arrived in Brazil justbefore the turn of the 20thcentury, but the sport soon spread across the nation like wild-fire•The game has soon attracted many players from Brazil’sslums,who see soccer as a ticket out of poverty•(Cool SportsEnglish)在上例新闻中,作者为了说明足球运动在巴西的传播速度,使用了明喻“like wildfire”,栩栩如生地向读者展现了传播速度之快。另外,在这则新闻中,足球还被比喻为“as aticket out of poverty”,充分说明了足球对于巴西的贫苦孩子来说几乎是摆脱贫困的唯一方法。
3)暗喻
亚里士多德曾给出了暗喻的经典注释:Metaphor is theapplication of a strange term either transferred from the genusand applied to the species or from the species and applied to thegenus, or from one species to anotheror else by analogy(Poetics)•通过使用暗喻这种修辞手法,我们不是像明喻那样说A像B,而是A是B,当然二者需要有相似的特质。由此我们也可以感受到暗喻中所蕴含的模糊意味,因此暗喻这一传统修辞格也常用来实现体育新闻中的模糊修辞,体育新闻作者经常通过使用暗喻更加生动形象地把自己的观点和看法传递给新闻读者。例如:W ill theHuston Rocket’s Courtship ofChinese centerYaoMing become a marriage, or will there be a breakup beforeWednesday’sNBA draft? (CoolSportsEnglish) The Olympic gameswill bring a flood of tourists to Beijing•(CoolSportsEnglish)在第一例新闻中, NBA的选秀“draft”被比作从“court-ship”本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。