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Cultural values play a role in the care of the elderly. The Confucian emphasis on filial piety, where all family members should respect and obey the elderly family members, contributes to how the elderly are both viewed and treated (Holmes & Holmes, 1995). However, the major function for the Japanese older adults is to be the senior advisors for family problems (Frazier & Glascock, 1994).

Even if elderly is view as an asset to the society, it is estimated that aging in Japan may become a problem, because, while the numbers of women in the paid work force is increasing, fertility is low, and the elderly population is growing.

It is certainly incorrect to believe that Japanese do not have negative stereotypes and prejudices with regard to the elderly. In fact, these stereotypes do exist and Japanese hold many of the same views that Europeans have about the elderly e.g., elderly are a burden and stubborn

Hone is the hidden, actual feelings that one may have about the elderly, but is often masked by rituals of respect (Koyano, 1989). Retirement is sometimes far from rewarding; retired corporate officials are sometimes referred to as soodaigomi, “a big heap of trash” and are not welcome at the office (Holmes & Holmes, 1995).

The evolution of the “Family System”

Cultural values played also an important role in the government views towards family.

From the beginning of the industrial era in the late 19th century, the government instituted a family system that registered individuals in an official registry and family members were required by the law to live in a multigenerational household and when daughters married out they had establish their own household. The care of the aging family fell under the purvey of the sons, typically the eldest son, and ultimately the daughter-in-laws (Harris & Long, 1993).

After World War II a new family system was established based on free spouse choice and equal inheritance. The responsibility of elder care still lies with the children and frequently the elderly live with one of their children (Harris & Long, 1993).

Modernization has lead to a decrease in family based society, since the society has became more individualistic and the norms of filial care for the elderly have weakened; moreover, there is an urban-rural difference in viewing filial care, with rural women viewing it is more favourably than with urban women.

Japanese relationships are described by the on: a concept that permeates Japanese society and that basically represents the norm of reciprocity. On refers to a favour or benevolence granted by person A to person B and the resultant debt that person B owes person A. Everyone owes a limitless on to their parents for previous ca本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。