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There is a fiercely competitive struggle among children to succeed and climb the educational ladder to the finest universities. The child is under pressure all the way through, from teachers, peer group and parents, especially the mother. A degree from a well-regarded university meant a guaranteed job for life, in either a large company or the public service. The recession in the 1990s weakened the likelihood of this, but parental perception has not changed; the strong pressure to force their child to climb the ladder continues.

Hierarchy

The hierarchy is a fundamental characteristic in Japan today-life and has important implication in both Japanese culture and economy.

One of the things about Japanese social relations that foreigners frequently comment on is the character of interaction between people. For example, Japan is widely regarded as a fairly hierarchical society. People are expected to understand and know their social standing vis-à-vis the people that they're interacting with.

A pair of Japanese businessmen exchanging name cards will spend a great deal of time studying, very carefully, each other's name cards, not simply to know the name of the person, but also for clues of their social status. Do they work for a more important company or a less important company? Are they from a major city, or are they from the countryside? From their job title can you determine whether they're sort of senior to you or junior to you? All these things are important features in determining how you can interact with one another.

One of the most classic examples of hierarchy can be spotted during a Japanese polite conversation. Most polite conversations include degrees of deference, respect and distance, therefore, when talking to someone, you have to assume that either you are from a superior social status or from an inferior one. But, if you get the assumption wrong, you can offend the person you’re talking to by sounding superior to them when you should be more deferential, or sounding insincerely deferential when it's clear that you are the senior person in this conversation. This is the reason why people are concerned about establishing a hierarchy, even on the first meeting.

Japanese Economy

“For the first time, Economics is coming to Japan.”What is economics? Economics is the allocation of scarce resources. In Japan until 1990, there were never any real scarcities. Labour force was growing, land prices were going up, economy was growing at 5 to 7 percent on a nominal basis. That has come to an end, and as a result Japan is forced to restructure and deregulate its entire economic system. (Koll. J, 2005)

Following the oil crises of 1973 and 1979 the Japanese industries came out of nowh本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。