英语论文网

1.1 Background of the study
据估计，有超过五千今天在世界之窗现有的自然语言，其中英语是使用最广泛的。中旬以来对最后一个世纪，英语已成为一种国际语言。人能讲英语的人的总数估计为大约两亿元，在世界上二十世纪结束时（1995年托德：41）。卡奇鲁（1982:10），谁学习英语的品种，指出，“英语是越来越少视为欧洲语言，大杨树盆地的发展是越来越少由使用其母语。”人们可以听到很多不同口味的会谈的英语在全球的各个领域，这意味着有许多品种的英语。除了这两个“标准”的品种 - 英国英语和美国英语，也可用于其他许多英语的世界之窗，如加拿大英语，澳大利亚英语，新西兰英语，印度英语，南非英语，新加坡英语，英语马耳他，赞比亚英语中国香港英语，马来西亚英语，菲律宾英语，日语英语，英语（湾1994年长盛：36，翻译是我的）。术语“英语”，首次使用由Braj卡奇鲁，是指应用于世界各地的各种品种的英语。这个术语的解释如下。
It is estimated that there are over five thousand natural languages existing in theworld today, among which English is the one most widely used. Since the middle ofthe last century, English has become an international language. The total number ofpeople who can speak English is estimated to be about two billion in the world by theend of the twentieth century (Todd 1995: 41). Kachru(1982:10)，who studies varietiesof English, points out，“English is less and less regarded as a European language，andits development is less and less determined by the usage of its native speakers.” Peoplecan hear many differently flavored talks of English in various areas of the globe,implying that there are many varieties of English. Besides the two“standard” varieties— British English and American English, many other Englishes are also used in theworld, such as Canadian English, Australian English, New Zealand English, IndianEnglish, South African English, Singapore English, Malta English, Zambia English,Hongkong English, Malaysian English, Philippine English, Japanese English, ChinaEnglish and so on (Wan Changsheng 1994: 36, the translation is mine). The term“Englishes”, first used by Braj Kachru, refers to the various varieties of English usedaround the world. The explanation for this term is as follows.
英语的，在世界上蔓延的现象表明，英语是国际交流斯塔表示。因此，英国不属于专门在某些国家，但是是一个中性的通信介质。同样，“英国英语和美国英语不视为仅有的两个现有的标准英语，但正如刚才两位用英文品种在两个不同的国家。”（汪榕培1991：2）。全球化导致英语语言本地化或本土化。显示在不同地区或国家的不同的历史，文化，传统，价值观，政治，经济和生活方式。当说话或写作英语，来自不同地区的人或国家使用英文intheir具体方式。英语熊不同文化的印记，从而使英语更多元化，更可变的，更灵活，也使得“绝对标准”英语相对正确的。The phenomenon of Englishes spreading in the world indicates that English is justa means for international communication. Accordingly, English does not belong tocertain nations exclusively, but is a neutral communication medium. In the same vein,“British English and American English are not considered as the only two existingstandard Englishes, but just as the two English varieties used in the two differentcountries.” (Wang Rongpei 1991: 2). Globalization has led the English language tolocalization or nativization. Various histories, cultures, traditions, values, politics,economies and life styles are displayed in different regions or countries. Whenspeaking or writing English, people from different regions or countries use English intheir specific ways. Englishes bear imprint of different cultures, thus making Englishmore diversified, more variable and more flexible, and also making the “absolutelystandard” English more relatively correct.
Currently, more and more countries with English as their non-native language,especially the former British colonial countries like India declare that their English is avariety and independent of “standard” English. Additionally, the nations such asSingapore and Nigeria where English is used as the official language and many otherswhere English is used as a foreign language proclaim that their Englishes existindependently. M. Ridianovic raises a query in his thesis, “If Pakistan 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。