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iously reduced the Chinese cultural connotation. In the Chinese idiom 天诛地灭，天 and 地 means heaven and earth respectively. They represent the supreme power. But it is applicable only in China as people here believe in believe in Buddhism. It should not be replaced by "God", which is an expression reflects the Christian belief. As Christianity and the Bible prevail in English-speaking countries, lots of English idioms are associated with characters in the Bible, for instance, as old as Melhuselah, as rich as a Jew, as wise as Solomon. Most Chinese readers may have no idea of who are they. To make sure they can convey the connotation, explanation is necessary. For the above-mentioned examples, Melhuselah is said to be 969 years' old when he died; Jews accumulated wealth by the means of practicing usury and become the synonym of the rich. All of them originated from the Bible. 4.6 The influence of knowledge of the arts on translation Arts occupy a very important position in culture. It reflects the reality of life and at the same time shapes it. With Shaoxin of Zhejian province, Luxun's hometown, as the background place, "The True Story of Ah Q" reflected the local arts there. If translators can explain clearly the background knowledge of them, readers can acquire the information that native readers get from the original and achieve better understanding. Careful readers may have discovered that the protagonist Ah Q is very fond of saying " 我手执钢鞭将你打" It is exactly from the libretto of The Battle of Dragon and Tiger(《龙虎斗》), a local opera of Shaoxin. It is about a battle fought by Zhao Kuang-yin, founder of the Song Dynasty, and Huyan Zhuo and appears in the fifth chapter where Ah Q encounters Xiao D. Among many translations we could see, only those of Yang Hsien-yi & Gladys Yang and Lyell have contained relative footnote: "I'll thrash you with a steel mace... " Footnote:A line from The Battle of Dragon and Tiger, an opera popular in Shaoxin. It told how Zhao Kuang-yin, the first emperor of the Sung Dynasty, fought another general. (Yang Hsien-yi & Gladys Yang) Footnote: A line from a local Shaoxin opera, The Battle of the Dragon and Tiger generals, which recites an epic battle fought by Zhao Guangyin, founder of the Song dynasty.(Lyell) Clear explanation could be found in the footnote of the translation. In the story, another opera (《小孤孀上坟》) is also mentioned. Among some translations, Lyell's is the only one that has concerned explanation. Footnote: A Shaoxin opera that was popular at the time this story was written. (Lyell) Although it is very simple, it shows that the original is closely related with life. This is also indicated through the description of 压牌宝. It was a popular way of gambling in Shaoxin at that time. Lyell has made effort to study it. In his translation, he used about one page to describe the local gamble by footnoting. What's more, there is illustration. While reading the translation, foreign readers can understand easily and precisely. As the first reader of the original, the level of the translator's understanding often determines how much the translation can transfer. Therefore the translators should study the cultural background both extensively and profoundly. To help readers to overcome difficulties in understanding caused by cultural differences, translators should provide as much background information as possible. 4.7 The influence of knowledge of psychological pattern on translation The language struct