文化背景知识和翻译 [11]
论文作者:陈素芳论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-10编辑:黄丽樱点击率:15675
论文字数:7015论文编号:org200904102259543786语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:culturetranslationcultural background knowledge文化翻译文化背景知识
ure and language use of a nation are related with the psychological make-up and psychological activity. Therefore the analysis and understanding of the original language must conform to the real process of the speaker's psychological activity. Generally speaking, they should conform to the lingual cognition of the nation.
Experiments of modern psychology provided favorable evidence for the idea that language conditions people's thought and cognition. According to Stroop's experiment, when those who have mastered their native language use a specific word, the signal of the word's meaning will be excited. For example, when a Chinese sees or uses the word "red", he/she often bears in his/her mind things like joy, happiness, luck and glory. However, besides thinking of joy and happiness, westerners also associate it with violence and blood. Maybe David Hawks, the famous British translator, translated the tile of «红楼梦^»as "The Story of the Stone" just to avoid the word "red" because of the above-mentioned cultural psychological factors. What's more, he translated 怡红院 as "the House of Green Delights"; 怡红公子 as "Green Boy"; 悼红轩as "Nostalgia Studio".
Without extensive and profound knowledge of the original society, mistakes could be made on the understanding of the original context. For example, when Tao Yuanming wrote 阿舒已二八 in his poem "Blaming Sons", he meant that A Shu was sixteen year's old. Most educated Chinese can understand this expression. However, the famous sinologist Arthur Waley translated the sentence as "A-shu is eighteen". This is a good example of the influence of the specific cognition of a certain culture.[17] We can find similar expressions in Chinese like 二八佳人, which means the beauty is 16, rather than 28 of 18. [18]
If translation conforms to the cultural psychology of a society, it could be well accepted. This is especially evident for advertisement translation. For example, Mild Seven, brand of a Japanese cigarette was not literately translated as 温柔七星 or 七星牌. Mild Seven sounds like 万事发. in the dialect in Guangzhou. It means "everything goes well" and became the Chinese translation. Soon it got the favor of smokers. There was a perfume named Poison in English. When it comes to China, the shrewd salesmen did not translate it as 毒药 literately. Instead, they named it 百爱神in Chinese. And therefore, it became the love of ladies. Because the Chinese translation means "goddess loved by the people".
5. Conclusion
Culture is a complicated and extensive gathering. It consists of almost all the aspects of a society, including knowledge, belief, arts, moral standards, law, customs and all the abilities and habits of individuals as members of a society. Inevitably cultures will influence the formation, development and the characteristics of languages, for instance the vocabulary and the grammatical patterns. Languages also influence cultures.
Translation is a cross-cultural communication. It is not only a bi-lingual transfer, but also an exchange between two cultures. In the process of translation, we not only transferred from one language to another the implication and the meaning of the context, but also the culture connotation. And the latter is more likely to be overlooked by translators. That may result in culture shock to readers of the translation.
The above-mentioned characteristic of translation means translators should pay close attention to accumulate knowledge of knowledge of the cultures concerned. The k
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