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nguage authors and receiving capacity of target language readers. 4. Influence of Cultural Background On translation Culture can be divided into several parts, so for cultural background knowledge. Study those parts one by one is a reasonable method of understanding a specific culture. 4.1The influence of knowledge of history on translation History of a country may last for thousands of years. Even natives know not all the past events, not to mention the foreigners. To fulfill the obligation of translation as a cross-cultural communication, translators should have extensive knowledge of history, especially that of the source culture. Knowledge of history affects the accurate translation of political terms. For example, 香港回归has two official translations because of different cognitions of history. Proceeding from their own position on the question, British government used the expression "Hongkong Handover". [9] On the contrary, the official translation of China is "to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hongkong". That is because Hongkong has been a part of China in the long process of history. Britain only seized the "sovereignty" of Hongkong from the declining government of the Qing Dynasty by the means of war. The certain words in a certain age are difficult to translator. For example, in the period of “the revolution of culture” of China, people usually like to say the sentence: “我们不搞实用主义” . We can’t translate “we do not advocate pragmatism.” In western countries, “pragmatism is praised” a method of philosophy in which the truth of a proposition is measured by its correspondence with experimental results and by its practical outcome”(the new Colombia encyclopedia.3rd ed) 实用主义is a derogatory term in china, but in western countries ,it has the extended meaning in philosophy as follow; “an excellent plan which can get expediency.”(有利可图的权宜之计)So ,we can translate the sentence: We never base our policies on expediency. This sentence not only shows the word exact use in Chinese but also give the correct meaning to the foreigner who do not know the certain meaning in china at that certain ages. [10] 4.2The influence of knowledge of geographic characteristics on translation Geographic characteristics not only influence the material life of a country, they also influence the language and the culture. Differences between geographic characteristics cause differences between languages. England is an island surrounded by waters. Because of the rich fish resources, fishing is an important economic activity and many English expressions are associated with fish. For example, a fish out of fish, big fish in a pound, drink like a fish, all is fish that comes to one's net, feed the fish etc. It is easy to see geographic characteristics have a influence on language. It reflects on the pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and so on. It has a importance function on playing up the nation’s language and culture when we want to translate the sense of reality in those geographic characteristics. China is rich in mountain and forest and bamboo is very common there. In Chinese people say 雨后春笋 (spring up like bamboo shoot after a spring rain), while in English, people use "spring up like mushrooms" to express the same meaning. That is because the British are much familiar with mushroom instead of bamboo. And that is because it often rains in England and the wet condition is very suitable for the growth of mushrooms. [11] Climate differences also re