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ms in Light of Bakhtin’s Poetics (2008), categorized them intoten groups: hermitship (归隐), wine drinking (饮酒), life and death (死生), farming (田亩), eulogy on history (咏史), classics reading (读经), metaphysical poems (玄言),human relations (人伦), responsory (唱和), and Utopia (乌托). Other scholars such asZhong Youming roughly divided T’ao’s works into the three types of pastoral poems,poems on history and philosophical poems, and conducted elaborated studies on thesedifferent types respectively.Ma Zili (1990), combining the research of types and themes, proposed thatthemes as reminiscing the past, lamenting the passage of time and sticking to povertyby heading more closely into the text reading, Zhu found in T’ao’s works the greatsymphony of bitterness and struggle along the course to his final attainment ofharmony and serenity (Zhu Guangqian, 2005: 370).The pure and unbent personality of T’ao got complicated in Southern Song, adynasty whose precarious political situation is quite similar to that of Eastern Jin.Those who were enormously indignant about the Humiliation of Jingkang found inT’ao’s poetry not the leisure of laboring but the innuendo against the usurper, thuscame into being the “loyal and indignant” side of T’ao’s image. Contemporaryresearchers hold different opinions as regards this image. Gong Bin (1995) believedthat loyalty and indignation is only part of T’ao’s political ideas, while Jin Shuhui(1991) totally negated it in her research.Save for the poetical and political sides, modern researchers also find in the poeta shining philosophical splash. Ren Zhong and Chen Yi (2006) pointed out that inT’ao there is the combination of Confucianism, Taoism and Metaphysics, and thatT’ao’ ideas have undergone the gradual shift from Confucianism to Taoism with thelatter having the longest and the most profound influence. Yuan Xingpei (1993) alsobelieved that the idea of Taoism and that of Confucianism co-exist in T’ao, standingnot contradictory to each other. The most enlightening is Chen Yinke’s research. Byseeing through the glass of cultural history, Chen proposed that the naturalism of T’aoYuanming is not the old naturalism of Lao-tzu or Chuang-tzu, but a new one hehimself has innovated by combining both Confucian and Taoist ideas (Tian Jinfang,2010: 26).All these reveal that T’ao Yuanming is more than a man of letter. He is a poet,while he is also a model of character; he is a politician, while he is also a philosopher.The multifaceted image of T’ao Yuanming makes the restoration of the poet in theother land a challenging task.

1.2 Studies on English Translations of T’ao’s Poetry

Domestic studies of English translations of T’ao started in the 80s and have thetendency of growing during the recent years. Generally, these researches can becategorized into the following groups: overall review, study of a certain translator,study of translation strategies, comparison of different versions, study out of thecultural perspective, study in accordance with the literary viewpoint, and linguisticstudy.Zhang Baohong (2005), in her Imagery and Chinese-English Poetic Translation,analyzed the translation of image, combination of images and system of imagesthrough the example of several separate translations, pointing out that concrete imagesshould get faithfully reproduced in translation.Ren Shukun and Zhao Lin (2004) compared the English translations done byCharles Budd, Arthur Waley, Amy Lowell and Yang Xia本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。