摘要:本文是英语翻译论文,本文首先从译者出发,探讨其自身诗学及意识形态。其次,本文阐述西方社会的诗学及其主流意识形态对译者操控。最后分析赞助人对译者翻译过程的操控。
W. Schlegel has claimed that “for as long as the nature of language allows, a poem should be recreated in the same meter” (Schlegel 52). This announcement is obviously based on a linguistic background. It is even regarded that translation is nothing but the simple transformation of linguistic symbols, so that a good command of languages is the only guarantee for a good translation. It cannot be denied that translation is enormously influenced by the study of semiotics and linguistics, but there is still limitation when coping with translation problems.
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2.2 Three Key Terms of Lefevere’s Manipulation Theory
Three manipulative factors in translation are put forward, namely ideology, poetics and patronage. Lefevere gives detailed explanations to the role of each factor, and points out that in joint efforts, three factors manipulate the translator and the literary system. In another word, ideology and poetics constrain the translator’s translation strategies in solving specific problems within the literary, while patronage operates outside. Consequently, under such constraints, translation becomes one form of rewriting. Lefevere states that language, time, place and tradition all have to be taken into consideration by the translator. In another book Translation, History and Culture, Lefevere claims that the translation studies “are moving on from a formalist phase to deliberation of broader political and cultural contexts” (Lefevere 132). That is to say, translation creates new reading texts and cultural images.
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Chapter Three Manipulative Factors towards the Translator and the Western World ....... 20
3.1 Howard Goldblatt’s Personal Poetics and Ideology .......... 21
3.1.1 Goldblatt’s Personal Poetics ........ 21
3.1.2 Goldblatt’s Personal Ideology ..... 23
3.2 Poetics, Ideology and Patronage in the Western Society ......... 26
Chapter Four Manipulative Factors in Red Poppies: A Novel of Tibet ........ 34
4.1 Poetic Manipulation: Evidenced by Translation Strategies ...... 34
4.1.1 Addition .... 34
4.1.2 Omission .......... 35
4.1.3 Alteration ......... 36
4.2 Ideology Manipulation: Evidenced by the Translation of Tibetan ........ 42
4.2.1 Cultural Ideology Manipulation: The Translator’s Ideology of “Han Chinese” 42
4.2.2 Political Ideology Manipulation: The Translator’s Ideology of “Inner Tibet” ......... 43
4.3 Patronage Manipulation: Evidenced by the Translation of the Book’s Title ........ 45
Chapter Four Manipulative Factors in Red Poppies: A Novel of Tibet
4.1 Poetic Manipulation: Evidenced by Translation Strategies
Poetics is a crucial factor that determines transla
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